kriechen

== German == === Etymology === Middle High German kriechen, from Old High German kriohhan, from Proto-West Germanic *kreukan, from Proto-Germanic *kreukaną. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈkʁiːçn̩/, /ˈkʁiːçən/ (Germany) IPA(key): /ˈkʁiːçn̩/, /ˈkʁiːçɛn/ (Austria, Southern Germany, Switzerland) === Verb === kriechen (class 2 strong, third-person singular present kriecht, past tense kroch, past participle gekrochen, past subjunctive kröche, auxiliary sein) (intransitive) to creep; to crawl ==== Conjugation ==== ==== Derived terms ==== === Further reading === “kriechen” in Duden online “kriechen”, in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache‎[1] (in German) “kriechen” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon == Middle High German == === Etymology === Inherited from Old High German kriohan, from Proto-Germanic *kreukaną. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): (before 13th CE) /ˈkriə̯xən/ === Verb === kriechen (class 2 strong, third-person singular present kriuchet, past tense krouch or krōch, past participle gekrochen, past subjunctive krüche, auxiliary hān) (intransitive) to creep, to crawl ==== Usage notes ==== The form krōch existed alongside krouch as a first/third-person singular preterite indicative form. The Proto-West Germanic ancestor to Middle High German krouch was *krauk. It was not typical for Proto-West Germanic *au to become monophthongized to /oː/ when before the Old High German. /x/ from Proto-West Germanic *k. Instead, it typically became Old High German /ou̯/. As a result, it may have been the case that the secondary form krōch arose via association with the first/third-person singular preterite indicative forms like vlōch and zōch, which corresponded respectively to vliehen and ziehen. ==== Conjugation ==== ==== Descendants ==== German: kriechen === References === Benecke, Georg Friedrich; Müller, Wilhelm; Zarncke, Friedrich (1863), “kriechen”, in Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch: mit Benutzung des Nachlasses von Benecke, Stuttgart: S. Hirzel