kostka

== Czech == === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kostъka (“small bone”), since dice were made of bones (Proto-Slavic *kostь). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈkostka] === Noun === kostka f (relational adjective kostkový, diminutive kostička or kostečka) die (polyhedron used in games of chance) Pokud se nemůžeš rozhodnout, hoď si kostkou. ― If you can't decide, roll a die. cube (object more or less in the form of a cube) Stačí jedna kostka cukru. ― One cube of sugar is enough. ==== Declension ==== ==== Related terms ==== === Further reading === “kostka”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957 “kostka”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989 “kostka”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2026 == Old Polish == === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kostъka. First attested in 1419. By surface analysis, kość +‎ -ka. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /kɔstka/ IPA(key): (15th CE) /kɔstka/ Homophone: Kostka === Noun === kostka f (attested in Lesser Poland, in the plural, hapax legomenon) bones, remains of saints' bodies, relics (attested in Silesia, Greater Poland, anatomy) talus (part of the shin bone or fibula that protrudes above the ankle joint) type of skin disease, sclerosis, bony growth (attested in Sieradz-Łęczyca, Silesia, Lesser Poland) seed in a fruit, kernel, grain (attested in Masovia, Lesser Poland) die (cube or ball used in games of chance) ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== Polish: kostka Silesian: kostka === References === Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “kość”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “kostka”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish) S. Urbańczyk, editor (1962), “kostka”, in Słownik staropolski (in Polish), volume 3, Wrocław, Warsaw, Kraków: Polish Academy of Sciences, page 356 B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “kostka”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN Ewa Deptuchowa, Mariusz Frodyma, Katarzyna Jasińska, Magdalena Klapper, Dorota Kołodziej, Mariusz Leńczuk, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, editors (2023), “kostka”, in Rozariusze z polskimi glosami. Internetowa baza danych [Dictionaries of Polish glosses, an Internet database] (in Polish), Kraków: Pracownia Języka Staropolskiego Instytut Języka Polskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk == Polish == === Etymology === Inherited from Old Polish kostka. By surface analysis, kość +‎ -ka. === Pronunciation === Rhymes: -ɔstka Syllabification: kost‧ka Homophone: Kostka === Noun === kostka f (diminutive kosteczka) (anatomy) diminutive of kość (“bone”) (anatomy) ankle (bulge on both sides of the leg directly above the foot) (anatomy) knuckle (bulge on the back of the hand at the joint) (countable) die (polyhedron used in games of chance) Synonym: kość (Middle Polish) game of chance (Middle Polish, figuratively) luck; chance lump (portion of a substance formed in the shape of a small cuboid) cobble, cobblestone (material in the form of small cuboids formed from concrete or stone, used for paving streets and sidewalks) box, block (device similar in shape to a cuboid used to connect cables when installing electrical devices) (colloquial, computing, electronics) chip, microchip, computer chip, integrated circuit (small electronic device made up of multiple interconnected electronic components such as transistors, resistors, and capacitors) Synonyms: chip, kość, układ scalony (colloquial, music) pick, plectrum (small piece of plastic, metal, ivory, etc. for plucking strings) Synonyms: piórko, plektron cube (object more or less in the form of a cube) Kostka Rubika ― Rubik's Cube kostka lodu ― ice cube (Far Masovian) synonym of skrzyp (Masuria) synonym of skrzyp zimowy (Łowicz, Strugienice, Maurzyce, Mystkowice) synonym of skrzyp polny (Łowicz) overgrown sorrel (Podhale) decorative seashell worn on one's hat Hypernym: muszla (obsolete, carpentry) block (part of a board or log that protrudes and is inserted into a groove of an adjacent board or log) (obsolete) leveller (bone tool for smoothing, leveling) (obsolete) synonym of kwadracik (Middle Polish) synonym of pestka (Middle Polish) synonym of chrząstka ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== === Further reading === Modern Standard Polish: “kostka”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎[24] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN “kostka”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎[25] (in Polish) Woliński, Marcin; Saloni, Zygmunt; Wołosz, Robert; Gruszczyński, Włodzimierz; Skowrońska, Danuta; Bronk, Zbigniew (2020), “kostka”, in Słownik gramatyczny języka polskiego [Grammatical Dictionary of Polish]‎[26], 4. online edition, Warszawa Middle Polish: Maria Renata Mayenowa; Stanisław Rospond; Witold Taszycki; Stefan Hrabec; Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023), “kostka”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish] “KOSTKA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 22.10.2012 Historic dictionaries: Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “kostka”, in Słownik języka polskiego Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “kostka”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861 J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1902), “kostka”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 2, Warsaw, page 491 Dialectal dictionaries: Jan Karłowicz (1901), “kostka”, in Słownik gwar polskich [Dictionary of Polish dialects] (in Polish), volume 2: F do K, Kraków: Akademia Umiejętności, page 442 Stanisław Ciszewski (1909), “kostka”, in “Przyczynek do słownika gwary mazowieckiej”, in Prace Filologiczne‎[27] (in Polish), volume 7, z. 1, Warsaw: skł. gł. w Księgarni E. Wende i Ska, page 206 Marzena Kozanecka-Zwierz, Magdalena Bartosiewicz, Renata Marciniak-Firadza, editors (2014), “kostka”, in Gwara – Księżaków "język ojczysty" Dziedzictwo regionu łowickiego (in Polish), Łowicz: Muzeum w Łowiczu, →ISBN, page 36 Halina Świderska (1929), “kostka”, in Dialekt Księstwa Łowickiego (in Polish), Warsaw, →ISBN, page 107 == Silesian == === Etymology === Inherited from Old Polish kostka. By surface analysis, kość +‎ -ka. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈkɔst.ka/ Rhymes: -ɔstka Syllabification: kost‧ka === Noun === kostka f (anatomy) diminutive of kość (“bone”) lump, cube (object more or less in the form of a cube) (anatomy) ankle (bulge on both sides of the leg directly above the foot) (botany) stone, pit, pip (central part of some fruits, particularly drupes) Synonym: jōndrzko fishbone (bone from a fish) Synonym: ôść field horsetail (Equisetum arvense) Synonym: sprzynczka ==== Declension ==== === Further reading === kostka in silling.org Bogdan Kallus (2020), “kostka”, in Słownik Gōrnoślōnskij Gŏdki, IV edition, Chorzów: Pro Loquela Silesiana, →ISBN, page 327 Henryk Jaroszewicz (2022), “kostka”, in Zasady pisowni języka śląskiego (in Polish), Siedlce: Wydawnictwo Naukowe IKR[i]BL, page 88 Barbara Podgórska; Adam Podgóski (2008), “kostka”, in Słownik gwar śląskich [A dictionary of Silesian dialects] (in Polish), Katowice: Wydawnictwo KOS, →ISBN, page 143 Michał Przywara (c. 1900), “kostka”, in Narzecza śląskie napisał ks. Michał Przywara. C. Słownik‎[28]