koło

== Lower Sorbian == === Etymology === Borrowed from Upper Sorbian koło, from Proto-Slavic *kolo. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈkowɔ/ === Noun === koło n (literary) circular object round dance ==== Declension ==== === References === Lower Sorbian vocabulary. In: Haspelmath, M. & Tadmor, U. (eds.) World Loanword Database. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. == Old Polish == === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kȍlo. First attested in the 14th century. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /ˈkɔɫɔ/ IPA(key): (15th CE) /ˈkɔɫɔ/ === Noun === koło n (diminutive kółko, related adjective kołowy) circle (round shape) (attested in Greater Poland) wheel (round device that allows a vehicle to move) (attested in Greater Poland) wheel (spinning object i.e. on a mill) ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== Polish: koło Silesian: koło === References === Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “koło”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965), “koło”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego Mańczak, Witold (2017), “koło”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “koło 1”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish) B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “koło”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN Ewa Deptuchowa, Mariusz Frodyma, Katarzyna Jasińska, Magdalena Klapper, Dorota Kołodziej, Mariusz Leńczuk, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, editors (2023), “koło”, in Rozariusze z polskimi glosami. Internetowa baza danych [Dictionaries of Polish glosses, an Internet database] (in Polish), Kraków: Pracownia Języka Staropolskiego Instytut Języka Polskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk == Polish == === Etymology === Inherited from Old Polish koło. Doublet of kolo. Related to English cycle and wheel. === Pronunciation === Rhymes: -ɔwɔ Syllabification: ko‧ło Homophone: Koło === Noun === koło n (diminutive kółko or (dialectal) kolusecko) circle (part of the plane bounded by a curve) Synonym: krąg circle (line enclosing such a plane) Synonym: krąg wheel (round simple machine allowing vehicles to move) napęd na cztery koła ― four-wheel drive wheel (simple machine on an axis allowing for rotation) circle (anything round) circle (enclosure made by people usually holding hands, often as a children's game) (historical) breaking wheel circle (specific groups of persons; especially one who shares a common interest) Synonym: grono (colloquial, chiefly in the genitive singular, or less frequently in the genitive plural) grand, one thousand zloty To kosztuje sześć koła ― This costs six thousand zloty. (historical, in medieval Poland) assembly of councilors, meeting of an assembly kolo (Slavic dance in which dancers stand in a circle and hold hands) (Western Lublin, Bychawa, Gałęzów, Wola Gałęzowska, Przemyśl, Rakowa) type of slow dance (Central Greater Poland, Pigłowice, Koszuty) synonym of rondo (“brim of a hat”) (obsolete) bicycle (two wheeled vehicle, usually powered with the feet) Synonym: rower (obsolete) rotating false wardrobe leading to a hidden room (Is there an English equivalent to this definition?) Synonym: kołowrót (Middle Polish, astronomy) orbit (path of celestial body) Synonym: orbita (Middle Polish) The meaning of this term is uncertain. ==== Declension ==== The Podhale dialect shows a nominative/accusative/vocative plural form kolesa and a genitive plural koles. The Northern Borderlands dialect (Lithuania) shows instrumental plural form kołyma. ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Trivia ==== According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), koło (noun) is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 29 times in scientific texts, 58 times in news, 19 times in essays, 12 times in fiction, and 4 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 122 times, making it the 493rd most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words. === Preposition === koło [with genitive] around, near, close to, next to, by Synonyms: niedaleko, obok, podle, przy Usiądź koło niej. ― Sit near her. (colloquial) around, about (in the vicinity of) Synonym: około koło dziewiątej ― at about nine o’clock (archaic) in relation to Synonym: około around (forming a circle around) Synonym: wokół (obsolete or Central Greater Poland, Sulmierzyce) thanks to; because of Synonyms: dzięki, z powodu (Middle Polish) about, concerning Synonym: o (Middle Polish) when it comes to Synonym: jeśli chodzi o ==== Synonyms ==== === Particle === koło about, around, approximately Synonym: około === References === === Further reading === Modern Standard Polish: “koło”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎[5] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN “koło”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎[6] (in Polish) Middle Polish: Maria Renata Mayenowa; Stanisław Rospond; Witold Taszycki; Stefan Hrabec; Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023), “1. koło”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish] Maria Renata Mayenowa; Stanisław Rospond; Witold Taszycki; Stefan Hrabec; Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023), “2. koło”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish] “KOŁO”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 21.05.2014 Historic dictionaries: Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “koło”, in Słownik języka polskiego Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “koło”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861 J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1902), “koło”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 2, Warsaw, page 409 Dialectal dictionaries: Jan Karłowicz (1901), “koło”, in Słownik gwar polskich [Dictionary of Polish dialects] (in Polish), volume 2: F do K, Kraków: Akademia Umiejętności, page 405 Jan Karłowicz (1901), “koło słówko”, in Słownik gwar polskich [Dictionary of Polish dialects] (in Polish), volume 2: F do K, Kraków: Akademia Umiejętności, page 406 Halina Świderska (1929), “koło”, in Dialekt Księstwa Łowickiego (in Polish), Warsaw, →ISBN, page 106 Etymological dictionaries: Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “koło 2”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish) == Silesian == === Etymology === Inherited from Old Polish koło. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈkɔ.wɔ/ Rhymes: -ɔwɔ Syllabification: ko‧ło === Noun === koło n (diminutive kōłko) circle (round shape) (colloquial) edge of a circle wheel (simple machine with an axle that allows for rotation, often allowing vehicles to move) circle (group of people with similar interests) bicycle (two wheeled vehicle, usually powered with the feet) Synonyms: (Cieszyn) bicykel, (derogatory) keciŏk, (jocular) pyńdzidło ==== Declension ==== === Preposition === koło around, near, close to [with genitive] Synonyms: blisko, kole, po blisku, przi, wedle, wele === Further reading === kolo in dykcjonorz.eu koło in silling.org