kind

== English == === Pronunciation === enPR: kīnd, IPA(key): /kaɪnd/ Rhymes: -aɪnd === Etymology 1 === From Middle English kynde, kinde, from Old English cynd, ġecynd (“inherent nature, disposition, kind, gender, generation, race”), from Proto-West Germanic *kundi, from Proto-Germanic *kinþiz, related to Proto-Germanic *kunją (“race, kin”) and Old English cennan (“to bear, give birth”). Cognate with Old High German gikunt (“nature, kind”), Icelandic kind (“race, species, kind”). Doublet of gens, genesis, and jati. See also kin. ==== Alternative forms ==== kinde, kynd, kynde (obsolete) ==== Noun ==== kind (plural kinds) A type, race or category; a group of entities that have common characteristics such that they may be grouped together. A makeshift or otherwise atypical specimen. (archaic) One's inherent nature; character, natural disposition. (archaic) Family, lineage. "She Moved through the Fair" (traditional Irish folk song) My young love said to me, My mother won’t mindAnd my father won’t slight you for your lack of kind. (archaic) Manner. Goods or services used as payment, as e.g. in barter. in kind ― with goods or services instead of with money Equivalent means used as response to an action. in kind ― in a similar manner (Christianity) Each of the two elements of the communion service, bread and wine. (type theory) The type of a type constructor or a higher-order type operator. (Caribbean, in compounds) Food in a particular category. ===== Usage notes ===== In the sense of “goods or services” or “equivalent means”, kind is almost exclusively used in the expression in kind. ===== Synonyms ===== genre sort type derivative (1) and/or (2) generation offspring child See also Thesaurus:class ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Related terms ===== ===== Translations ===== === Etymology 2 === From Middle English kynde, kinde, from Old English cynde, ġecynde (“innate, natural, native”), from Old English cynd, ġecynd (“nature, kind”). ==== Alternative forms ==== kinde (obsolete) ==== Adjective ==== kind (comparative kinder, superlative kindest) Having a benevolent, courteous, friendly, generous, gentle, liberal, sympathetic, or warm-hearted nature or disposition, marked by consideration for – and service to – others. Affectionate. Favorable. Mild, gentle, forgiving Gentle; tractable; easily governed. (obsolete) Characteristic of the species; belonging to one's nature; natural; native. ===== Synonyms ===== See also Thesaurus:affectionate ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== === Further reading === Kind in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911) === Anagrams === DINK, dink == Afrikaans == === Etymology === From Dutch kind, from Middle Dutch kint, from Old Dutch kint, from Proto-Germanic *kindą (“offspring”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁tóm. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /kənt/ === Noun === kind (plural kinders) child === Anagrams === dink == Danish == === Etymology === From Old Norse kinn, from Proto-Germanic *kinnuz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénu- (“cheek”). Compare Swedish kind, Norwegian and Icelandic kinn, Low German and German Kinn, Dutch kin, English chin. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ken/, [kʰenˀ] === Noun === kind c (singular definite kinden, plural indefinite kinder) cheek ==== Inflection ==== == Dutch == === Etymology === From Middle Dutch kint, from Old Dutch kint, from Proto-West Germanic *kind (“offspring”), from Proto-Germanic *kindą (“offspring”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁tóm (“that which is produced, that which is given birth to”), related to *ǵn̥h₁tós (“produced, given birth”), from *ǵenh₁- (“to produce, to give birth”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /kɪnt/ Hyphenation: kind Rhymes: -ɪnt === Noun === kind n (plural kinderen or kinders, diminutive kindje n or kindertje n or kindeken n or kindelijn n) child, kid, non-adult human Synonyms: koter, (dated) wicht Hij heeft als kind leren schaatsen. ― He learned how to ice-skate as a child. first-degree descendant, still a minor or irrespective of age Synonyms: afstammeling, nakomeling, telg Mijn kinderen zijn intussen allemaal volwassen. ― My children are all adults by now. (figuratively) product of influence, breeding etc. Deze kunstwerken zijn een kind van de moderne kunstbeweging. ― These artworks are a product of the modern art movement. ==== Usage notes ==== The normal plural is kinderen (a double plural combining the endings -er (archaic) and -en, also found in a few other neuter nouns). The form kinders is heard colloquially, often also humorously. In compounds, the word can take the form kinder- or kind- as a tail. The former is used more often, however. The diminutive kindelijn is now archaic, but can still be found in some fossilized songs and religious texts. ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== Afrikaans: kind Jersey Dutch: känt Negerhollands: kind, kint, kin, ken Skepi Creole Dutch: kente, kinte ==== See also ==== dochter zoon blaag == Icelandic == === Etymology === From Old Norse kind, from Proto-Germanic *kinþiz, cognate with Latin gēns (“clan, tribe”). The sense of “sheep” is derived from the compound sauðkind, literally “sheep-kind”. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /cʰɪnt/ Rhymes: -ɪnt === Noun === kind f (genitive singular kindar, nominative plural kindur or (in the meaning "race, kind, kin") kindir) (obsolete) race, kind, kin a sheep (especially a ewe) Synonyms: rolla, sauðkind (dated) used as a term of disparagement for a girl (or woman) ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== kindarlegur mannkind sauðkind == Middle English == === Etymology 1 === ==== Noun ==== kind (especially Northern) alternative form of kynde === Etymology 2 === ==== Adjective ==== kind (Northern) alternative form of kynde == Norwegian Nynorsk == === Etymology === From Old Norse kind f, from Proto-Germanic *kinþiz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tis. Akin to English kind. === Noun === kind m (definite singular kinden, indefinite plural kindar, definite plural kindane)kind n (definite singular kindet, indefinite plural kind, definite plural kinda) a child in a cradle === References === “kind” in The Nynorsk Dictionary. == Old High German == === Alternative forms === kint, chind, chint === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *kind, from Proto-Germanic *kinþą, *kindą. === Noun === kind n kid; child child; offspring ==== Declension ==== ==== Descendants ==== Middle High German: kintAlemannic German: ChindSwabian: KendVorarlbergerisch: KiandWalser: ChendLow Alemannic: KindBavarian:Cimbrian: khinnViennese: KindCentral Franconian: Kend, KenkEifelisch: King, Kond, KöndHunsrik: KindKölsch: KindLuxembourgish: KandEast Central German:Erzgebirgisch: [kʰɪnt]Vilamovian: kyndGerman: Kind→? Italian: cittoRhine Franconian: Kind, Kend, Keend, Kenn, KinnFrankfurterisch: [kʰint]Pennsylvania German: KindYiddish: קינד (kind) === References === Lloyd, Albert L.; Lühr, Rosemarie (1988), “kind”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen‎[1] (in German), Göttingen/Zürich: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, →ISBN Köbler, Gerhard (2014), “kind”, in Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch‎[2] (in German), 6th edition == Old Norse == === Etymology === From Proto-Germanic *kinþiz. Compare Latin gēns (“clan, tribe”). === Noun === kind f (genitive kindar, plural kindir or kindr) race, kind, kin creature, being ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== mannkind sauðkind ==== Descendants ==== Icelandic: kind f (“sheep”) Faroese: kind === Further reading === Zoëga, Geir T. (1910), “kind”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive == Old Saxon == === Etymology === From Proto-West Germanic *kind (“child”), from Proto-Germanic *kindą, *kinþą, from Pre-Germanic *ǵénh₁tom, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to bear, give birth”). === Noun === kind n child ==== Declension ==== ==== Descendants ==== Middle Low German: kint Low German: Kind Dutch Low Saxon: kind, kiend, keend German Low German: Kind → Old Frisian: kind West Frisian: kyn == Swedish == === Etymology === From Old Norse kinn, from Proto-Germanic *kinnuz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénu- (“cheek”). Compare Danish kind, Norwegian and Icelandic kinn, German Kinn, Dutch kin, English chin. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ɕɪnd/ === Noun === kind c (anatomy) cheek (part of the face) ==== Usage notes ==== False friend of English chin. See haka. ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== vända andra kinden till (“turn the other cheek”) === References === “kind”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish) “kind”, in Svenska Akademiens ordlista [Wordlist of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish) “kind”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish) Svensk MeSH == Zealandic == === Etymology === From Middle Dutch kint. === Noun === kind n (plural kinders) child