kernel
التعريفات والمعاني
== English ==
=== Etymology ===
From Middle English kernel, kirnel, kürnel, from Old English cyrnel, from Proto-West Germanic *kurnil, diminutive of Proto-Germanic *kurną (“seed, grain, corn”), equivalent to corn + -le. Cognate with Yiddish קערנדל (kerndl), Middle Dutch kernel, cornel, Middle High German kornel. Related also to Old Norse kjarni (“kernel”).
=== Pronunciation ===
(UK) IPA(key): /ˈkɜː.nəl/
(US) IPA(key): /ˈkɝ.nəl/
(South Asia, rhotic) IPA(key): /ˈkərnəl/, (without the fern–fir–fur merger) /ˈkɛrnəl/
(South Asia, non-rhotic) IPA(key): /ˈkɜnəl/
Homophone: colonel (most accents)
Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)nəl
=== Noun ===
kernel (plural kernels)
The core, center, or essence of an object or system.
Synonyms: crux, gist; see also Thesaurus:gist
(botany) The central (usually edible) part of a nut, especially once the hard shell has been removed.
(botany) A single seed of grain, especially of corn or wheat.
(botany, US) The stone of certain fruits, such as peaches or plums.
A small mass around which other matter is concreted; a nucleus; a concretion or hard lump in the flesh.
(computing) The central part of many computer operating systems which manages the system's resources and the communication between hardware and software components.
Antonym: userland
Hyponyms: microkernel, unikernel
(computing) The core engine of any complex software system.
(programming) The simplified input to an algorithm that has undergone kernelization.
(calculus) A function used to define an integral transform.
(mathematics, set theory, of a function
f
{\displaystyle f}
) The set of pairs of elements in the domain of
f
{\displaystyle f}
which are mapped to the same value; the equivalence relation
x
≡
y
⟺
f
(
x
)
=
f
(
y
)
{\displaystyle x\equiv y\iff f(x)=f(y)}
.
(mathematics, algebra, loosely, of a morphism
f
{\displaystyle f}
between algebraic structures) The set of elements of the domain of
f
{\displaystyle f}
which are mapped to an identity element.
(mathematics, group theory, of a group homomorphism
f
:
G
→
H
{\displaystyle f\colon G\to H}
between groups) The set of elements of
G
{\displaystyle G}
which are mapped to the identity of
H
{\displaystyle H}
(usually written as 0 in an additive group and as 1 in a multiplicative group).
(mathematics, ring theory, of a ring homomorphism
f
:
R
→
S
{\displaystyle f\colon R\to S}
between rings) The set of elements of
R
{\displaystyle R}
which are mapped to the additive identity 0 of
S
{\displaystyle S}
.
(mathematics, linear algebra, of a linear transformation
f
:
M
→
N
{\displaystyle f\colon M\to N}
between modules or vector spaces) The set of elements of
M
{\displaystyle M}
which are mapped to the additive identity 0 of
N
{\displaystyle N}
.
Antonym: support
Meronyms: root, zero
(mathematics, category theory, of a morphism
f
:
X
→
Y
{\displaystyle f:X\to Y}
in a category with zero morphisms) The equalizer of
f
{\displaystyle f}
and the zero morphism from
X
{\displaystyle X}
to
Y
{\displaystyle Y}
, denoted
ker
f
{\displaystyle \operatorname {ker} f}
.
(mathematics, category theory) The source of
ker
f
{\displaystyle \operatorname {ker} f}
, denoted
Ker
f
{\displaystyle \operatorname {Ker} f}
.
(mathematics, fuzzy set theory) The set of members of a fuzzy set that are fully included (i.e., whose grade of membership is 1).
(slang) The human clitoris.
(chemistry) The nucleus and electrons of an atom excluding its valence electrons.
This term needs a definition. Please help out and add a definition, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
==== Derived terms ====
==== Descendants ====
→ French: kernel
→ Hungarian: kernel
→ Indonesian: kernel
→ Italian: kernel
→ Japanese: カーネル (kāneru)
→ Portuguese: kernel
==== Translations ====
=== Verb ===
kernel (third-person singular simple present kernels, present participle (US) kerneling or (UK) kernelling, simple past and past participle (US) kerneled or (UK) kernelled)
To enclose within a kernel
To crenellate
=== Anagrams ===
kleren
== Hungarian ==
=== Etymology ===
From English kernel.
=== Pronunciation ===
IPA(key): [ˈkɛrnɛl]
Hyphenation: ker‧nel
Rhymes: -ɛl
=== Noun ===
kernel (plural kernelek)
(computing) kernel (the central part of many computer operating systems)
Synonym: rendszermag
==== Declension ====
=== References ===
== Indonesian ==
=== Etymology ===
Borrowed from English kernel, from Middle English kernel, kirnel, kürnel, from Old English cyrnel, from Proto-West Germanic *kurnil, diminutive of Proto-Germanic *kurną (“seed, grain, corn”), equivalent to corn + -le.
=== Pronunciation ===
(Standard Indonesian) IPA(key): /ˈkɛrnəl/ [ˈkɛr.nəl]
Rhymes: -ɛrnəl
Syllabification: ker‧nel
=== Noun ===
kernel (plural kernel-kernel)
kernel
(botany, agriculture) the stone of certain fruits, such as peaches or plums. (of oil palm)
(computing, information technology) the central part of many computer operating systems which manages the system's resources and the communication between hardware and software components
=== Further reading ===
“kernel”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016
== Middle English ==
=== Noun ===
kernel
(Cambridgeshire or Lincolnshire; Norfolk) alternative form of kirnel
== Old French ==
=== Alternative forms ===
crenel
=== Etymology ===
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).
=== Noun ===
kernel oblique singular, m (oblique plural kerneaus or kerneax or kerniaus or kerniax or kernels, nominative singular kerneaus or kerneax or kerniaus or kerniax or kernels, nominative plural kernel)
crenel (space in a battlement from which weapons may be used on an incoming enemy)
==== Descendants ====
→ English: crenel
French: créneau
=== References ===
Frédéric Godefroy (1880–1902), “crenel”, in Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle […], Paris: F[riedrich] Vieweg; Émile Bouillon, →OCLC.
== Portuguese ==
=== Etymology ===
Unadapted borrowing from English kernel.
=== Noun ===
kernel m (plural kernels)
(computing) kernel (central part of certain operating systems)
(calculus) kernel (a function used to define an integral transform)
(algebra) kernel (set of elements mapped to zero)
==== Synonyms ====
núcleo