kereta

== Indonesian == === Etymology === Inherited from Malay kereta, from Classical Malay كريتا (karĕta), from Portuguese carreta. Compare Tagalog kareta. The sense “motorcycle” is a semantic loan from Malay kereta. === Pronunciation === (Standard Indonesian) IPA(key): /kəˈrɛta/ [kəˈrɛ.t̪a] Rhymes: -ɛta Syllabification: ke‧re‧ta === Noun === kêrèta (plural kereta-kereta) ellipsis of kereta api (“train”) (literal) carriage (Deli-Medan, dialectal) motorcycle Synonym: sepeda motor ==== Usage notes ==== The common meaning of kereta is train, which came from shortening of phrase kereta api. The meaning of motorcycle appears limited to former territories of the Deli Sultanate, but also including local Malay dialects spoken around Medan. This sense only started developing from around 1980s, possibly as an attempt by the local youth against pride for their own vehicles. Thus, the meaning may have emerged from attempts of face-saving to express modesty. ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Compounds ==== === References === === Further reading === “kereta”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016 == Malay == === Etymology === From Portuguese carreta, compare Tagalog kareta from Spanish carreta. Displaced rata from Sanskrit रथ (ratha). === Pronunciation === (Southern Peninsular Malaysia Standard) IPA(key): /kəˈretə/ [kəˈre.t̪ə] Rhymes: -etə (Literary Standard) IPA(key): /kəˈreta/ [kəˈre.t̪a] Rhymes: -eta Hyphenation: ke‧re‧ta === Noun === keréta (Jawi spelling کريتا, plural kereta-kereta or kereta2) automobile, car, motorcar: A wheeled vehicle that moves independently, with at least three wheels, powered mechanically, steered by a driver and mostly for personal transportation. Alternative forms: keta (Malaysia, colloquial), kete (Malaysia, colloquial) Synonym: (Indonesia incl. Riau, Sumatra) mobil cart, carriage extensively any burdenless vehicle kereta angin: bicycle (lit. 'air[-filled] vehicle') kereta lipan: train (lit. 'centipede vehicle') (Medan) motorcycle ==== Usage notes ==== The meaning of motorcycle is limited to dialects spoken in areas formerly under Deli Sultanate rule, such as Medan. ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== > Indonesian: kêrèta (inherited) → Tausug: karita' === References === Wilkinson, R. J. (1901-1903), “كريت kereta”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Singapore; Hong Kong; Shanghai; Yokohama: Kelly & Walsh Ltd., page 517 Wilkinson, Richard James (1932), “kĕreta”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume I, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 572 === Further reading === "kereta" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017