karma

== English == === Etymology === Borrowed from Sanskrit कर्म (kárma), nom.sg. of कर्मन् (kárman, “act, action, performance”); first attested in English in 1785 in a translation of the Bhagavad Gita by Charles Wilkins. === Pronunciation === Hyphenation: kar‧ma (North India) IPA(key): /kərm(ə)/, [kɐɾm(ɐ)] (rhotic) Rhymes: -ɜː(r)m (South India) IPA(key): /kərma/, [kɐɾmä(ː)] (rhotic) Rhymes: -ɜː(r)mə (UK, US) IPA(key): /ˈkɑː(ɹ).mə/ Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)mə Homophones: cama, calmer (non-rhotic) === Noun === karma (countable and uncountable, plural karmas) (Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism) The sum total of a person's actions, which determine the person's next incarnation in samsara, the cycle of death and rebirth. A force or law of nature which causes one to reap what one sows; destiny; fate. (uncommon) A distinctive feeling, aura, or atmosphere. (Internet) A score assigned to a user or post on some discussion forums, indicating popularity or perceived value. ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Translations ==== === References === “karma”, in OneLook Dictionary Search. karma in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018. William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin Eli Smith, editors (1895–1910), “karma”, in The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia: […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC. === Anagrams === Makar, Marak, makar, krama, Karam, Marka == Afar == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /karˈma/ [kʌɾˈmʌ] Hyphenation: kar‧ma === Noun === karmá f (plural karmoomí f) autumn rainy season ==== Declension ==== === References === E. M. Parker; R. J. Hayward (1985), “karma”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN == Catalan == === Etymology === Borrowed from Sanskrit कर्मन् (kárman, “act, action, performance”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): (Northern, Balearic, Central) [ˈkar.mə] IPA(key): (Valencia) [ˈkaɾ.ma] IPA(key): (Northwestern) [ˈkar.ma] === Noun === karma m (plural karmes) (Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism) karma ==== Related terms ==== kàrmic === Further reading === “karma”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007 == Czech == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈkarma] === Etymology 1 === From a commercial name that comes from abbreviated name of its inventor Karel Macháček ==== Noun ==== karma f (technology) tankless water heater, instantaneous water heater === Etymology 2 === Borrowed from Sanskrit कर्मन् (kárman, “act, action, performance”). ==== Noun ==== karma f (Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism) karma ===== Declension ===== === Further reading === “karma”, in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu (in Czech) “karma”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989 “karma”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2026 == Dutch == === Etymology === From Sanskrit कर्मन् (kárman, “act, action, performance”), possibly via English karma. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈkɑr.mɑ/ Hyphenation: kar‧ma Rhymes: -ɑrmɑ === Noun === karma n (uncountable, no diminutive) (Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism) karma ==== Derived terms ==== karmisch == Esperanto == === Etymology === From karmo + -a. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈkarma/ Rhymes: -arma Syllabification: kar‧ma === Adjective === karma (accusative singular karman, plural karmaj, accusative plural karmajn) karmic == Finnish == === Etymology === Borrowed from Sanskrit कर्मन् (kárman, “act, action, performance”). Appears as headword on p. 341 of the Pieni Tietosanakirja ("Little Encyclopedia") [1] from 1925-28, published by Otava, Helsinki. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈkɑrmɑ/, [ˈkɑ̝rmɑ̝] Rhymes: -ɑrmɑ Syllabification(key): kar‧ma Hyphenation(key): kar‧ma === Noun === karma (Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism) karma ==== Declension ==== === Further reading === “karma”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎[2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2 July 2023 == French == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /kaʁ.ma/ === Noun === karma m (plural karmas) (Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism) karma (slang) an unpleasant or negative environment. === Further reading === “karma”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012 == Hungarian == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈkɒrmɒ] Hyphenation: kar‧ma Rhymes: -mɒ === Etymology 1 === karom (“claw”) +‎ -a (possessive suffix) ==== Noun ==== karma third-person singular single-possession possessive of karom ===== Declension ===== === Etymology 2 === Borrowed from Sanskrit कर्मन् (kárman, “act, action, performance”). ==== Noun ==== karma (Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism) karma ===== Declension ===== ===== Derived terms ===== karmikus === References === === Anagrams === kamra, marka == Icelandic == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈkʰarma/ Rhymes: -arma === Etymology 1 === Borrowed from Sanskrit कर्मन् (kárman, “act, action, performance”). ==== Noun ==== karma n (genitive singular karma, no plural) (Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism) karma ===== Declension ===== === Etymology 2 === ==== Noun ==== karma indefinite accusative plural of karmur indefinite genitive plural of karmur == Indonesian == === Etymology === From Sanskrit कर्म (karma), कर्मन् (karman), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *kárma, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kárma, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to do, make”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /karma/ Hyphenation: kar‧ma === Noun === karma (Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism) karma, (Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism) the sum total of a person's actions, which determine the person's next incarnation in samsara, the cycle of death and rebirth a force or law of nature which causes one to reap what one sows; destiny; fate ==== Related terms ==== === Further reading === “karma”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016 == Italian == === Etymology === Borrowed from Sanskrit कर्मन् (karman, “act, action, performance”), from the root कृ (kṛ, “to do, make”), from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷer- (“to do, make, build”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈkar.ma/ Rhymes: -arma Hyphenation: kàr‧ma === Noun === karma m (invariable) (Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism) karma (colloquial) karma (divine retribution in a non-religious context) ==== Derived terms ==== karmico == Polish == === Pronunciation === Rhymes: -arma Syllabification: kar‧ma Homophone: Karma === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kъrmà. ==== Noun ==== karma f fodder (food for pets) Synonym: karm Coordinate term: pasza (Lasovia) hay and straw mix (hay mixed with straw given to cattle) ===== Usage notes ===== In Standard Polish, the term karma is used for pets, whereas pasza is used for other domesticated animals, such as livestock or poultry. ===== Declension ===== ===== Related terms ===== === Etymology 2 === Learned borrowing from Sanskrit कर्मन् (karman). Doublet of karman. ==== Noun ==== karma f (Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism, Sikhism) karma (total effect of a person's actions and conduct during the successive phases of their existence) Synonym: karman ===== Declension ===== === Further reading === “karma”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎[3] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN “karma”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎[4] (in Polish) karma in PWN's encyclopedia Szymon Matusiak (1880), “karma”, in “Gwara lasowska w okolicy Tarnobrzega, studyjum dyjalektologiczne”, in Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności (I) (in Polish), volume 8, Krakow: Akademia Umiejętności, page 174 == Portuguese == === Pronunciation === Hyphenation: kar‧ma === Noun === karma m (plural karmas) alternative spelling of carma === Further reading === “karma”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026 == Romanian == === Etymology === Borrowed from English karma or French karma. === Noun === karma f (uncountable) (Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism) karma ==== Declension ==== This noun needs an inflection-table template. Please edit the entry and supply |def= and |pl= parameters to the {{ro-noun-f}} template. == Serbo-Croatian == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /kârma/ Hyphenation: kar‧ma === Noun === kȁrma f (Cyrillic spelling ка̏рма) (Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism) karma ==== Declension ==== == Spanish == === Etymology === Borrowed from Sanskrit कर्मन् (kárman, “act, action, performance”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈkaɾma/ [ˈkaɾ.ma] Rhymes: -aɾma Syllabification: kar‧ma === Noun === karma m (plural karmas) (Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism) karma ==== Related terms ==== === Further reading === “karma”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025 == Tagalog == === Etymology === Borrowed from Sanskrit कर्म (kárma), nominative singular of कर्मन् (kárman, “act, action, performance”). === Pronunciation === (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ˈkaɾma/ [ˈkaɾ.mɐ] Rhymes: -aɾma Syllabification: kar‧ma === Noun === karma (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜇ᜔ᜋ) (Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism) karma (the total effect of a person’s actions and conduct during the successive phases of his existence) karma (force or law of nature which causes one to reap what one sows) ==== Derived terms ==== === Further reading === “karma”, in KWF Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino, Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2025 “karma”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, 2018 == Turkish == === Etymology 1 === From Turkish kar- (“to mix”) + -ma. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /kaɾˈma/ ==== Noun ==== karma (definite accusative karmayı, plural karmalar) verbal noun of karmak; mixing ===== Declension ===== ==== Adjective ==== karma mixed karma eğitim ― mixed education (coeducation) === Etymology 2 === ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /ˈkaɾ.ma/ ==== Verb ==== karma second-person singular negative imperative of karmak === Etymology 3 === Probably from English karma, ultimately from Sanskrit कर्मन् (karman). ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /ˈkaɾ.ma/ ==== Noun ==== karma (definite accusative karmayı, plural karmalar) (Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism) karma ===== Declension =====