kara

== English == === Etymology === From Punjabi ਕੜਾ (kaṛā); see Hindi कड़ा (kaṛā, “bracelet”). === Noun === kara (plural karas) (Sikhism) A bangle worn by Sikhs, one of the five Ks, to remind them to do God's work. === Anagrams === rak'a, arak, akra == Balinese == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /karə/ Hyphenation: ka‧ra === Etymology 1 === Borrowed from Old Javanese kara, kāra, from Sanskrit कर (kara, “finger”), कृ (kṛ, “to make”). ==== Noun ==== kara (Balinese script ᬓᬭ) finger === Etymology 2 === Borrowed from Old Javanese kara, kāra, from Sanskrit कार (kāra, “act, action”), कृ (kṛ, “to make”). ==== Noun ==== kara (Balinese script ᬓᬵᬭ) act, action == Basque == === Noun === kara allative singular of ka == Cornish == === Etymology === From Proto-Brythonic *karɨd. Cognate with Breton karout and Welsh caru. === Verb === kara to love, like, care for ==== Conjugation ==== ==== Derived terms ==== === Mutation === == Esperanto == === Etymology === From Italian caro, cara, from Latin cārus. Compare French cher. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈkara/ Rhymes: -ara Syllabification: ka‧ra === Adjective === kara (accusative singular karan, plural karaj, accusative plural karajn) dear ==== Derived terms ==== === Further reading === “kara”, in Plena Ilustrita Vortaro de Esperanto [Complete Illustrated Dictionary of Esperanto], 2020, →ISBN “kara”, in Reta Vortaro [Online Dictionary] (in Esperanto), 1997-2026 == Finnish == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈkɑrɑ/, [ˈkɑ̝rɑ̝] Rhymes: -ɑrɑ Syllabification(key): ka‧ra Hyphenation(key): ka‧ra === Etymology 1 === From Proto-Finnic *kara. ==== Noun ==== kara a dried branch, rib of a leaf or other similar dried part of a plant Synonym: karahka core (uneaten part of an apple or similar fruit) Synonyms: kota, siemenkota pin (a piece of wood, partly inserted inside the wall, that supports the frame of a window or door) pin, spindle, rod (machine part, often relatively long and narrow, used either as an axle or support) spindle (rod which turns, or on which something turns, e.g. of a door or window handle) (machining) spindle (rotary axis of a machine tool or power tool) (automotive) spindle (of a wheel) (weaving) core of a pirn (in a weaving shuttle) valve stem (manufacturing) core (portion of a mold that creates a cavity or impression within the part or that makes a hole in or through the part) mandrel (component that guides, grips or clamps) ===== Declension ===== ===== Derived terms ===== ==== Further reading ==== “kara”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 1 July 2023 === Etymology 2 === Onomatopoeic. ==== Noun ==== kara synonym of koskikara (“bird of the genus Cinclus”) ===== Declension ===== ===== Derived terms ===== === Etymology 3 === Clipping of karamboli. ==== Noun ==== kara carom billiards, carambole ===== Declension ===== === Anagrams === arka == Gagauz == === Etymology === Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish قَرَه (qara), from Proto-Turkic *kara. Compare Turkish kara, Azerbaijani qara, Uzbek qora, Turkmen gara. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /kɑˑˈrɑ/ Hyphenation: ka‧ra === Adjective === kara (comparative taa kara, superlative en kara, intensive kapkara) black, dark (figurative) dark, woeful, sad ==== Derived terms ==== === See also === === References === === Further reading === Ciachir, Mihail (1938), “cara”, in Dicționar gagauzo (tiurco)–român pentru gagauzii din Basarabia (in Romanian), Chișinău, page 26 Kopuşçu M. İ., Todorova S. A., Kiräkova T.İ., editors (2019), “kara”, in Gagauzça-rusça sözlük: klaslar 5-12, Komrat: Gagauziya M.V. Maruneviç adına Bilim-Aaraştırma merkezi, →ISBN, page 92 N. A Baskakov, editor (1972), “кара”, in Gagauzsko-Russko-Moldavskij Slovarʹ [Gagauz-Russian-Moldovan Dictionary], Moskva: Izdatelʹstvo Sovetskaja Enciklopedija, →ISBN, page 247 Mavrodi M. F., editor (2019), “kara”, in Gagauzça-rusça sözlük: klaslar 1-4, Komrat: Gagauziya M.V. Maruneviç adına Bilim-Aaraştırma merkezi, →ISBN, page 46 == Gothic == === Romanization === kara romanization of 𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰 == Hungarian == === Etymology === From kar +‎ -a (possessive suffix). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈkɒrɒ] Hyphenation: ka‧ra === Noun === kara third-person singular single-possession possessive of kar (“faculty; ensemble”) ==== Usage notes ==== For the possessive of kar in the sense “arm, lever”, see karja. ==== Declension ==== == Ido == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈkara/ === Adjective === kara dear == Indonesian == === Alternative forms === koro === Etymology === Borrowed from Javanese kara, from Old Javanese kara. === Pronunciation === (Standard Indonesian) IPA(key): /ˈkara/ [ˈka.ra] Rhymes: -ara Syllabification: ka‧ra === Noun === kara (plural kara-kara) (botany) hyacinth bean, lablab bean, bonavist bean, bonavist pea, dolichos bean, sem bean, lablab bean, Egyptian kidney bean, Indian bean, Australian pea; Lablab purpureus ==== Derived terms ==== === Further reading === “kara”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016 == Japanese == === Romanization === kara Rōmaji transcription of から == Javanese == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /kɔ.rɔ/ Rhymes: -rɔ Hyphenation: ka‧ra === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Old Javanese kara. ==== Noun ==== kara (Javanese script ꦏꦫ) (botany) hyacinth bean, lablab-bean, bonavist bean, bonavist pea, dolichos bean, seim, sem bean, lablab bean, Egyptian kidney bean, Indian bean, Australian pea; Lablab purpureus. ===== Descendants ===== → Indonesian: kara === Etymology 2 === Inherited from Old Javanese kara (“hand; finger; ray of light, beam”), from Sanskrit कर (kara, “finger”), कृ (kṛ, “to make”). ==== Noun ==== kara (Javanese script ꦏꦫ) (archaic) hand (archaic) finger (archaic) trunk === Further reading === The Linguistic Center of Yogyakarta (2011), “kara”, in Kamus Basa Jawa (Bausastra Jawa) [Javanese Language Dictionary (Javanese Dictionary)] (in Javanese), 2nd edition, Yogyakarta: Kanisius, →ISBN == Jingpho == === Noun === kara hair == Karaim == === Adjective === kara black ==== References ==== dnathan.com == Karao == === Noun === kara purpose; motive; intention == Kashubian == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈka.ra/ Rhymes: -ara Syllabification: ka‧ra === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kara. ==== Noun ==== kara f punishment; penalty, fine (negative result of something bad that was done) Synonym: sztrôfa ===== Declension ===== === Etymology 2 === Borrowed from Polish kara (“cart”). ==== Noun ==== kara f wheelbarrow ===== Declension ===== === Etymology 3 === Borrowed from English car. ==== Noun ==== kara f (Canada, United States) car === Further reading === Stanislow Frymark (2020), “kara”, in Kashubian Language in Canada, the USA and New Zealand; Lexical Interferences in Kashubian Language in Canada, the USA and New Zealand, Zómk Zôbòrsczi, →ISBN Sychta, Bernard (1968), “I-II kara”, in Słownik gwar kaszubskich [Dictionary of Kashubian dialects] (in Polish), volumes 2 (H – L), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 135 Jan Trepczyk (1994), “kara”, in Słownik polsko-kaszubski (in Kashubian), volumes 1–2 Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011), “kara”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎[3] “kara”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022 == Khalaj == === Alternative forms === kərə === Etymology === Borrowed from Persian کره (kare). === Pronunciation === (Kharrab) IPA(key): [kaɾa] === Noun === kara (definite accusative karañ, plural karalar) butter ==== Declension ==== === References === Doerfer, Gerhard (1980), Wörterbuch des Chaladsch (Dialekt von Charrab) [Khalaj dictionary] (in German), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó == Latvian == === Noun === kara m genitive singular of karš == Lower Sorbian == === Etymology === Borrowed from Middle High German karre, ultimately from Latin carrus, from Gaulish *karros, from Proto-Celtic *karros (“wagon”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈkara/ === Noun === kara f (diminutive karka) cart, wagon ==== Declension ==== === References === Lower Sorbian vocabulary. In: Haspelmath, M. & Tadmor, U. (eds.) World Loanword Database. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. == Mapudungun == === Noun === kara (Raguileo spelling) town, city Synonym: waria === References === Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008. == Nias == === Noun === kara (mutated form gara) stone == Norwegian Bokmål == === Etymology 1 === ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /ˈkɑːrɑ/ ==== Noun ==== kara n definite plural of kar === Etymology 2 === ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /²kɑ(ː)rɑ/ ==== Noun ==== kara m (non-standard since 1983) definite plural of kar == Norwegian Nynorsk == === Noun === kara n definite plural of kar == Nupe == === Etymology 1 === From Yoruba àkàrà. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /kà.ɾà/ ==== Noun ==== kàrà akara === Etymology 2 === ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /kā.ɾā/ ==== Noun ==== kara (plural karazhì) crab === Etymology 3 === ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /kà.ɾà/ ==== Noun ==== kàrà load; luggage; cargo burden === Etymology 4 === ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /ká.ɾà/ ==== Noun ==== kárà (plural káràzhì) wall surrounding a compound (that does not connect to the houses) ==== See also ==== sókùn (“compound wall built from one house to another”) == Old High German == === Alternative forms === chara, khara — Upper German, Alemannic, Bavarian === Etymology === From Proto-West Germanic *karu, from Proto-Germanic *karō. See Karfreitag. === Noun === kara f sorrow, lamentation ==== Declension ==== ==== References ==== Wright, Joseph (1906), An Old High German Primer‎[4], 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press == Old Javanese == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /su.hun/ Rhymes: -ra Homophones: kara, kāra, khara Hyphenation: ka‧ra === Etymology 1 === Borrowed from Sanskrit कर (kara, “finger”), कृ (kṛ, “to make”). ==== Noun ==== kara hand finger ray of light, beam ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Descendants ===== > Javanese: kara (inherited) → Balinese: kara === Etymology 2 === ==== Suffix ==== kara alternative spelling of kāra (“making, doing”) === Etymology 3 === Unknown, probably borrowed from Sanskrit खर (khara, “thorny plant”). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) ==== Noun ==== kara (botany) hyacinth bean, lablab bean, bonavist bean, bonavist pea, dolichos bean, sem bean, lablab bean, Egyptian kidney bean, Indian bean, Australian pea; Lablab purpureus. ===== Descendants ===== > Javanese: kara (inherited) === Etymology 4 === ==== Noun ==== kara alternative spelling of khara === Etymology 5 === (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) ==== Noun ==== kara animals that may not be eaten crow === Further reading === "kara" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982. == Old Polish == === Etymology === Borrowed from Middle High German karre. First attested in 1471. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /kara/ IPA(key): (15th CE) /kara/ === Noun === kara f (attested in Greater Poland) light cart with one or two wheels Synonym: jednokole ==== Descendants ==== Polish: kara (“cart”)→ Kashubian: kara (“wheelbarrow”)→ Ukrainian: ґара (gara)→ Slovincian: kara Silesian: kara (“wheelbarrow”) === References === Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “kara 2”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish) Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965), “kara”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego Bożena Sieradzka-Baziur, et al., editors (2011–2015), “kara, pl. tantum kary”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN Ewa Deptuchowa, et al., editors (2023), “kara”, in Rozariusze z polskimi glosami. Internetowa baza danych [Dictionaries of Polish glosses, an Internet database] (in Polish), Kraków: Pracownia Języka Staropolskiego Instytut Języka Polskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk == Old Saxon == === Etymology === From Proto-West Germanic *karu. Cognate with Old English caru, Old High German chara (“grief”), Old Norse kǫr (“sickbed”), Gothic 𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰 (kara). === Noun === kara f grief, sorrow anxiety ==== Declension ==== ==== References ==== Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Altsächsisches Wörterbuch‎[6] (in German), 5th edition == Oroqen == === Adjective === kara dark === References === Whaley, Lindsay & Li, Fengxiang. (1998). The Suffix -Kan in Oroqen. Studies in Language. 22. 447-471. 10.1075/sl.22.2.06wha. == Pali == === Alternative forms === === Noun === kara ? the Pali root kar ==== Declension ==== == Polish == === Pronunciation === Rhymes: -ara Syllabification: ka‧ra === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kara. First attested in 1564. ==== Noun ==== kara f punishment; penalty, fine (negative result of something bad that was done) [with za (+ accusative) ‘for what’] ===== Declension ===== ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Related terms ===== === Etymology 2 === Inherited from Old Polish kara. ==== Noun ==== kara f (obsolete) cart with two wheels and a box on top for carrying things ===== Declension ===== ===== Descendants ===== → Kashubian: kara (“wheelbarrow”) → Ukrainian: ґара (gara) → Slovincian: kara === Etymology 3 === Borrowed from French carré. First attested in the middle of the 19th century}. ==== Noun ==== kara f (geometry, rare) quadrangle Synonyms: czworobok, czworokąt ===== Declension ===== === Etymology 4 === See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. ==== Noun ==== kara inflection of karo: genitive singular nominative/accusative/vocative plural === Etymology 5 === See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. ==== Adjective ==== kara feminine nominative/vocative singular of kary === References === === Further reading === “kara”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎[8] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN “kara”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎[9] (in Polish) Maria Renata Mayenowa; Stanisław Rospond; Witold Taszycki; Stefan Hrabec; Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023), “kara”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish] “KARA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], (Can we date this quote?) Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “kara”, in Słownik języka polskiego Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “kara”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861 J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1902), “kara”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 2, Warsaw, page 254 Wanda Decyk-Zięba, editor (2018-2022), “kara”, in Dydaktyczny Słownik Etymologiczno-historyczny Języka Polskiego [A Didactic, Historical, Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), →ISBN Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “kara 1”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish) == Rapa Nui == === Noun === kara wing == Serbo-Croatian == === Verb === kara (Cyrillic spelling кара) third-person singular present of karati == Silesian == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈka.ra/ Rhymes: -ara Syllabification: ka‧ra === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kara. ==== Noun ==== kara f punishment ===== Declension ===== === Etymology 2 === Inherited from Old Polish kara. ==== Noun ==== kara f wheelbarrow Synonyms: targŏcz, tragŏcz ===== Declension ===== === Etymology 3 === Borrowed from English car. ==== Noun ==== kara f (Texas) car Synonym: auto ===== Declension ===== === Further reading === kara in dykcjonorz.eu kara in silling.org Bogdan Kallus (2020), “kara/kary”, in Słownik Gōrnoślōnskij Gŏdki, IV edition, Chorzów: Pro Loquela Silesiana, →ISBN, page 320 Henryk Jaroszewicz (2022), “kara”, in Zasady pisowni języka śląskiego (in Polish), Siedlce: Wydawnictwo Naukowe IKR[i]BL, page 86 Aleksandra Wencel (2023), “kara”, in Dykcjůnôrz ślų̊sko-polski, page 301 == Turkish == === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Ottoman Turkish قره (kara), from Old Anatolian Turkish قَرَه (qara), from Proto-Turkic *kara (“dark, black”). Compare Azerbaijani qara, Gagauz kara, Turkmen gara, Uzbek qora. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /kaˈɾa/ Hyphenation: ka‧ra ==== Adjective ==== kara (intensive kapkara) black, dark Synonym: siyah Antonyms: ak, beyaz brunette dark skinned (figuratively) evil, wicked, villainous kara büyü ― black magic (figuratively, archaic) courageous (figurative) sad, woeful, dark ===== Declension ===== ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Descendants ===== → West Circassian: къарэ (qarɛ) ==== Noun ==== kara (definite accusative karayı, plural karalar) black Synonym: siyah Antonym: ak (figurative) slander Synonym: iftira (archaic) north (Samsun, Ordu) fault, mistake (Çorum) gendarmerie (Konya) key Synonym: anahtar (Şanlıurfa) a black person Synonyms: zenci, arap, siyahi ===== Declension ===== ===== Coordinate terms ===== compass points: [edit] ==== See also ==== === Etymology 2 === Inherited from Ottoman Turkish قاره (kara), from Arabic قَارَّة (qārra). ==== Noun ==== kara (definite accusative karayı, plural karalar) land, field Antonym: deniz kara göründü! ― land ahoy! kara, deniz ve hava kuvvetleri ― land, sea, and air forces ===== Declension ===== ===== Derived terms ===== === Etymology 3 === See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. ==== Verb ==== kara third-person singular optative of karmak === Etymology 4 === ==== Noun ==== kara (Artvin) alternative form of kere === Anagrams === arak, arka === Further reading === “kara”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu “kara”, in Türkiye'de halk ağzından derleme sözlüğü [Compilation Dictionary of Popular Speech in Turkey] (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 1963–1982 == Veps == === Etymology === (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) === Noun === kara bay, inlet ==== Inflection ==== === References === Zajceva, N. G.; Mullonen, M. I. (2007), “бухта”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎[10], Petrozavodsk: Periodika == Wanyi == === Noun === kara country stone === References === Mary Laughren, Rob Pensalfini, Tom Mylne, Accounting for verb-initial order in an Australian language, in Verb First: On the syntax of verb-initial languages (2005)