jeden

== Czech == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈjɛdɛn] === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Old Czech jeden, from Proto-Slavic *edinъ, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos (“one, single”). ==== Numeral ==== jeden m (feminine jedna, neuter jedno) one Je mi to jedno ― It's no big deal; I don't care ===== Declension ===== ===== Coordinate terms ===== ===== Derived terms ===== === Etymology 2 === See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. ==== Participle ==== jeden masculine singular passive participle of jíst === Further reading === “jeden”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957 “jeden”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989 “jeden”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2026 == German == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈjeːdn̩/ === Pronoun === jeden inflection of jeder: strong/mixed accusative masculine singular mixed genitive/dative all-gender singular == Kashubian == === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *edìnъ. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈjɛ.dɛn/ Rhymes: -ɛdɛn Syllabification: je‧den === Numeral === jeden one ==== Declension ==== === Further reading === “jeden I”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022 “jeden II”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022 Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011), “jeden”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎[2] == Old Czech == === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *edinъ, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *óynos (“one, single”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): (13th CE) /ˈjɛdɛn/ IPA(key): (15th CE) /ˈjɛdɛn/ === Numeral === jeden one ==== Declension ==== ==== Coordinate terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== Czech: jeden === References === Jan Gebauer (1903–1916), “jeden”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění == Old Polish == === Alternative forms === jaden === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *edìnъ. First attested in the 14th century. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /jɛdɛ(ː)n/ IPA(key): (15th CE) /jɛdɛn/, /jɛden/ === Numeral === jeden one first; one ==== Declension ==== This numeral needs an inflection-table template. === Pronoun === jeden a; some, a certain; one some man, some guy (undefined male person) every Synonym: każdy alone Synonym: sam same Synonym: sam ==== Declension ==== This pronoun needs an inflection-table template. ==== Descendants ==== Polish: jeden Silesian: jedyn === References === B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “jeden, jaden”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN == Old Slovak == === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *edinъ. === Numeral === jeden one solid, single, continuous (forming a complete whole or made of a single piece) same, identical, shared (sharing a common origin, purpose, or identity) certain, some (referring to an unnamed or indefinite person, thing, or time) used with other numerals to express an estimate: about, approximately used in connection with druhý (“the other”) to express reciprocity, contrast, sequence, or alternation: each other, one another, one... the other used in connections such as jedno-druhé to express randomness in choice: various things, something or other (expressive) used in exclamations to emphasize a quality, usually negative === Further reading === Majtán, Milan et al., editors (1991–2008), “jeden”, in Historický slovník slovenského jazyka [Historical Dictionary of the Slovak Language] (in Slovak), volumes 1–7 (A – Ž), Bratislava: VEDA, →OCLC == Polish == === Etymology === Inherited from Old Polish jeden. === Pronunciation === Rhymes: -ɛdɛn Syllabification: je‧den === Numeral === jeden one ==== Usage notes ==== In composite numbers (dwadzieścia jeden, trzydzieści jeden, czterdzieści jeden, etc.), jeden is indeclinable and creates a neuter-singular noun phrase. Thus: Było dwudziestu jeden ludzi tam. ― There were twenty-one people there. Zobaczyłem tam dwudziestu jeden ludzi. ― I saw twenty-one people there. ==== Declension ==== ==== Coordinate terms ==== === Adjective === jeden (not comparable, no derived adverb) first; one Szedł z jednego kąta do drugiego. ― He was walking from one corner to the other. same; one Mają jeden cel. ― They have one goal. a; some, a certain; one jakiś ― pewien Mam jednego kota. ― I have a cat. denotes something composed of many smaller parts single; one jedna całość ― single whole denotes a negative opinion to the listener held by the speaker; you! Ty byku jeden! ― You boob! (colloquial) only, merely denotes speakers disappointment with the small size or amount Synonym: jedyny === Noun === jeden m pers (female equivalent jedna) (colloquial) some man, some guy (undefined male person) ==== Declension ==== === Noun === jeden m animal (colloquial) glass of vodka ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== === Trivia === According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), jeden is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 309 times in scientific texts, 261 times in news, 217 times in essays, 191 times in fiction, and 174 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 1152 times, making it the 34th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words. === References === === Further reading === “jeden”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎[3] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN “jeden”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎[4] (in Polish) Maria Renata Mayenowa; Stanisław Rospond; Witold Taszycki; Stefan Hrabec; Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023), “jeden”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish] “JEDEN”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 5 December 2022 Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “jeden”, in Słownik języka polskiego Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “jeden”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861 J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1902), “jeden”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 2, Warsaw, page 151 jeden in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego == Serbo-Croatian == === Participle === jeden (Cyrillic spelling једен) passive past participle of jesti == Slovak == === Etymology === Inherited from Old Slovak jeden. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /jeden/, [ˈjeden] Rhymes: -eden Hyphenation: je‧den === Numeral === jeden one zabiť dve muchy jednou ranou ― to kill two birds with one stone (literally, “to kill two flies with one blow”) staviť všetko na jednu kartu ― to put all one's eggs in one basket (literally, “to bet everything on one card”) robiť niečo jedným dychom ― to do something in one breath (literally, “to do something with one breath”) jedna lastovička leto nerobí ― one swallow does not make a summer (literally, “one swallow does not make summer”) jeden za všetkých, všetci za jedného ― one for all, all for one (literally, “one for all, all for one”) Kúpila som v obchode len jeden bochník chleba. ― I only bought one loaf of bread at the store. used in the connections jeden-dva, jeden či dva to express an approximate or small number: one or two Synonyms: niekoľko, zopár Bude to trvať len jednu-dve minúty, hneď som späť. ― It will take only one or two minutes; I'll be right back. solid, single (forming a complete whole or made of a single piece) Synonym: jediný Tento historický stôl je vytesaný z jedného kusa dubového dreva. ― This historical table is carved from one piece of oak wood. certain, some (referring to a person or thing known to the speaker but unnamed) Synonyms: určitý, istý Jedného dňa sa jednoducho zbalil a bez slova odišiel. ― One day he just packed up and left without a word. same, identical (sharing a common origin or identity) Synonyms: ten istý, tenže byť na jednej lodi ― to be in the same boat (literally, “to be on one boat”) byť s niekým jedna ruka ― to be thick as thieves (literally, “to be one hand with someone”) žiť pod jednou strechou ― to live under the same roof (literally, “to live under one roof”) ťahať za jeden povraz ― to pull together (literally, “to pull by one rope”) Obaja moji starí rodičia pochádzali z jednej dediny. ― Both of my grandparents came from the same village. used in connection with druhý (“the other”) to express reciprocity: each other, one another V tomto ťažkom období musíme jeden druhému pomáhať. ― In this difficult time, we must help one another. used in connection with druhý (“the other”) to express contrast, sequence, or alternation: one ... the other byť jednou nohou v hrobe ― to have one foot in the grave (literally, “to be with one leg in the grave”) ísť jedným uchom dnu a druhým von ― to go in one ear and out the other (literally, “to go through one ear in and the other out”) zatvoriť jedno oko ― to turn a blind eye (literally, “to close one eye”) jeden o koze, druhý o voze ― to talk at cross purposes (literally, “one about the goat, the other about the cart”) Zmenilo sa to z jedného dňa na druhý. ― It changed from one day to the next. nothing but, full of (expressing the exclusivity or completeness of a trait) Synonym: samý Po tom nešťastnom páde z bicykla bol jedna modrina. ― After that unfortunate fall from the bike, he was nothing but bruises. only in the form jedno: one thing (used as a noun to refer to a single fact or abstract matter) Jedno ti musím uznať: tvoja vytrvalosť je obdivuhodná. ― I have to grant you one thing: your perseverance is admirable. (expressive) used in exclamations to emphasize a quality, usually negative Ty luhár jeden! Už ti nikdy nebudem veriť. ― You absolute liar! I will never believe you again. ==== Usage notes ==== The numeral jeden occupies a unique position in the Slovak numerical system as the only cardinal numeral that possesses a full inflectional paradigm across all genders, numbers, and cases. It behaves as an adjective and must always agree with its associated noun in gender, number, and case. In its declension, it follows the paradigm of the “short” adjectives (as e.g., hoden). While primarily used in the singular, the plural forms jedni (virile) and jedny (nonvirile) are also standard. These plural forms function as collective numerals when used with pluralia tantum (e.g., jedny dvere) or in contrastive constructions in connection with druhý (“the other”) (e.g., jedni... druhí, meaning “some... others”). ==== Declension ==== ==== Coordinate terms ==== === Further reading === “jeden”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2026 == Spanish == === Verb === jeden inflection of jedar: third-person plural present subjunctive third-person plural imperative