iris

== English == === Etymology === From Middle English iris, from Latin īris, from Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris, “rainbow”). Presuming an earlier form *ϝῖρις (*wîris), possibly from a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *w(e)ih₁-ro- (“a twist, thread, cord, wire”), from *weh₁y- (“to turn, twist, weave, plait”). If so, it would be cognate to English wire. === Pronunciation === enPR: ī'rĭs (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA(key): /ˈaɪ.ɹɪs/ (Canada) IPA(key): /ˈaɪ.ɹɪs/, [ˈʌɪ.ɹɪs] (General Australian) IPA(key): /ˈɑɪ.ɹɪs/ Rhymes: -aɪɹɪs === Noun === iris (plural irises or iris or irides) (See Usage notes) (botany) A plant of the genus Iris, common in the northern hemisphere, and generally having attractive blooms (See Iris (plant) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia ). Synonym: fleur-de-lis (anatomy) The contractile membrane perforated by the pupil, which adjusts to control the amount of light reaching the retina, and which forms the colored portion of the eye (See Iris (anatomy) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia ). (photography, cinematography) A diaphragm used to regulate the size of a hole, especially as a way of controlling the amount of light reaching a lens. (poetic) A rainbow, or other colourful refraction of light. (electronics) A constricted opening in the path inside a waveguide, used to form a resonator. (zoology) The inner circle of an oscillated color spot. ==== Usage notes ==== For the part of the eye, the most common plural is irises, though irides is usual in medical contexts. For the flower both iris and irises are in common use. ==== Quotations ==== For quotations using this term, see Citations:iris. ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== ==== Translations ==== ==== Further reading ==== Iris (plant) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia Iris (anatomy) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia === Verb === iris (third-person singular simple present irises, present participle irising, simple past and past participle irised) (of an aperture, lens, or door) To open or close in the manner of an iris. (literary) To cause (something) to shine with the colours of the rainbow; to make iridescent. Synonym: iridize ==== Derived terms ==== irised === Anagrams === Siri == Bikol Central == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ʔiˈɾis/ [ʔiˈɾis] Hyphenation: i‧ris === Noun === irís (Basahan spelling ᜁᜍᜒᜐ᜔) (anatomy) side of the body Synonyms: tagiliran, hirog == Catalan == === Etymology === Learned borrowing from Latin īris, from Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈi.ɾis] === Noun === iris m (invariable) iris (part of the eye) ==== Derived terms ==== arc iris ==== Related terms ==== iridectomia iridi iridià irídic === Further reading === “iris”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007 == Dutch == === Etymology === Borrowed from Latin īris or Middle French iris (itself from Latin), from Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈiː.rɪs/ Hyphenation: iris Homophone: Iris === Noun === iris f (plural irissen, diminutive irisje n) (anatomy) iris (coloured part of the eye) Synonym: regenboogvlies synonym of lis (“plant of genus Iris”) == Esperanto == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈiris/ Rhymes: -iris Syllabification: i‧ris === Verb === iris past of iri == French == === Etymology === Borrowed from Latin iris, Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /i.ʁis/ === Noun === iris m (invariable) iris ==== Derived terms ==== iris d'eau === Further reading === “iris”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012 == Ido == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈiris/ === Verb === iris past of irar == Indonesian == === Pronunciation === (Standard Indonesian) IPA(key): /ˈiris/ [ˈi.rɪs] Rhymes: -iris Syllabification: i‧ris === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Malay iris. ==== Noun ==== iris (plural iris-iris) slice ==== Verb ==== iris (active mengiris, passive diiris) to slice ==== Synonyms ==== ==== Derived terms ==== === Etymology 2 === Borrowed from Dutch iris (“iris”), from Middle French iris, from Latin īris, from Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris). ==== Noun ==== iris (plural iris-iris) (anatomy, photography, cinematography) iris === Further reading === “iris”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016 == Irish == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈiɾʲəʃ/ === Etymology 1 === From Old Irish iris f (“a thong or strap (from which a shield, bag, etc. is suspended)”). ==== Noun ==== iris f (genitive singular irise, nominative plural irisí or irseacha or irste) strap, sling (for carrying) ===== Declension ===== Alternative plural forms: irseacha, irste, irsteacha === Etymology 2 === From Old Irish iress (“religion, creed, the (true) faith”). ==== Noun ==== iris f (genitive singular irise) (literary) belief, faith, religion ===== Declension ===== ===== Alternative forms ===== ireas === Etymology 3 === (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) ==== Noun ==== iris f (genitive singular irise, nominative plural irisí) alternative form of oireas magazine, journal Synonym: irisleabhar gazette ===== Declension ===== ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Related terms ===== iriseoireacht f (“journalism”) === Etymology 4 === See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. ==== Noun ==== iris m inflection of ireas (“iris”): genitive/vocative singular nominative/dative plural === Mutation === === References === === Further reading === Dinneen, Patrick S. (1927), “iris”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 2nd edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 616; reprinted with additions 1996, →ISBN Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “iris”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959), “iris”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm “iris”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013–2026 == Italian == === Etymology === Borrowed from Latin iris, Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈi.ris/ Rhymes: -iris Hyphenation: ì‧ris === Noun === iris m or f (invariable) iris (flower) Synonyms: giaggiolo, iride === Anagrams === Risi, risi == Latin == === Etymology 1 === From Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris). ==== Pronunciation ==== (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈiː.rɪs] (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈiː.ris] ==== Noun ==== īris f (genitive īris or īridis); third declension rainbow ===== Declension ===== Third-declension noun (i-stem or imparisyllabic non-i-stem; two different stems). === Etymology 2 === See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. ==== Pronunciation ==== (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈiː.riːs] (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈiː.ris] ==== Noun ==== īrīs dative/ablative plural of īra == Norwegian Bokmål == === Etymology === Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris, “rainbow”). === Noun === iris m (definite singular irisen, indefinite plural iriser, definite plural irisene) (botany) an iris (flower) (anatomy) an iris (part of the eye) Synonym: regnbuehinne === References === “iris” in The Bokmål Dictionary. == Norwegian Nynorsk == === Etymology === Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris, “rainbow”). === Noun === iris m (definite singular irisen, indefinite plural irisar, definite plural irisane) (botany) an iris (flower) (anatomy) an iris (part of the eye) Synonym: regnbogehinne === References === “iris” in The Nynorsk Dictionary. == Old Irish == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈi.ɾʲəsʲ/ (Blasse) [ˈi.ɾʲɪsʲ] (Griffith) [ˈi.ɾʲɨsʲ] === Noun === iris alternative spelling of iriss: accusative/dative singular of iress === Mutation === == Portuguese == === Noun === iris f (invariable) pre-reform spelling (used until 1943 in Brazil and 1911 in Portugal) of íris == Romanian == === Etymology === Borrowed from French iris, Latin iris, from Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris). === Noun === iris n (plural irisuri) (anatomy) iris (of the eye) ==== Declension ==== === Noun === iris n (plural iriși) (botany) iris (flower) Synonyms: stânjenel, stânjen ==== Declension ==== == Scottish Gaelic == === Etymology === (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Compare Irish iris. === Noun === iris f (genitive singular irise, plural irisean) magazine, periodical Synonym: ràitheachan === Mutation === == Spanish == === Etymology === Borrowed from Latin iris, Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈiɾis/ [ˈi.ɾis] Rhymes: -iɾis Syllabification: i‧ris === Noun === iris m (plural iris or írises) (anatomy) iris ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== === Further reading === “iris”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025