ils

== Translingual == === Etymology === Abbreviation of English International Sign. === Symbol === ils (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for International Sign. === See also === Wiktionary’s coverage of International Sign terms == Franco-Provençal == === Etymology === Plural formed from il. === Pronoun === ils m pl (postpositive -ils) (ORB, broad) they (third-person plural masculine nominative) ==== See also ==== === References === ils in DicoFranPro: Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – on dicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca ils in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu == French == === Etymology === Inherited from Vulgar Latin illī, which sounded il in Old French, to which a plural -s was added. While il was the nominative form from late Latin, els, eus was the oblique form ("them") that had evolved from late Latin illōs, and is the ancestor of modern French eux. In Old French, "they", being a nominative, was il from late Latin *illi, thus it didn't have the final -s, thus it was il used both for "he" and "they". The -s was added at the end of the 13th century in some regions, at the time the declension system of Old French started to collapse. As a consequence, some oïl languages in France have retained the original Old French il-form, and in some other regions, the ils-form supplanted the older one. Some dialects have even retained both forms depending on the locals. See cognates in regional languages in France: Angevin, Champenois, Lorrain, and Orléanais is; Bourbonnais-Berrichon ils; Bourguignon âs; Franc-Comtois and Poitevin-Saintongeais és; Gallo i and iz; Norman i and is; Picard is and i; Franco-Provençal ils; Occitan els (Gascon eus); Catalan ells; Corsican elli. === Pronunciation === (standard and higher registers) IPA(key): /il/, (in liaison) /il.z‿/ (familiar and informal registers, France) (France) IPA(key): /i/, (in liaison) /i.z‿/ (Quebec) IPA(key): /i/, (prevocalic) /j/ Homophones: île, il === Pronoun === ils m pl (third-person plural, singular il, accusative les, dative leur, emphatic eux, possessive determiner leur) they (male or mixed group) (Quebec, informal) they (female) ==== Related terms ==== === Further reading === “ils”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012 === Anagrams === lis s'il == Swedish == === Noun === ils indefinite genitive singular of il === Anagrams === sil == Tashelhit == === Etymology === Inherited from Medieval Tashelhit ايلس (iles, “tongue, language”), from Proto-Berber *iləs (“tongue, language”), metathesized from earlier *lĭs, ultimately from Proto-Afroasiatic *lis- (“tongue, language”). Cognate with Tuareg ílǝs (“tongue”), Ghadames élǝs (“tongue”), Tarifit iřes (“tongue”), Zenaga ətʸši (“tongue”), Egyptian ns (“tongue”), Proto-Semitic *lišān- (“tongue, language”), and Proto-Chadic *lis- (whence Hausa harshe). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ils/ === Noun === ils m (construct state yils, plural alsiwn, Tifinagh spelling ⵉⵍⵙ, Arabic spelling ايلس) tongue (organ) آر يتژّل يلس نّس. ― ar ittẓẓl ils nns. ― he sticks out his tongue. (metonymic) language Synonym: awal ايلس يشلحيين. ― ils išlḥiyn. ― the Shilha language. ==== Inflection ==== === See also === === References === Stroomer, Harry (2025), Dictionnaire berbère tachelḥiyt-français — Tome 2 f—l (Handbook of Oriental Studies – Handbuch der Orientalistik; 188/2) (in French), Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, →DOI, →ISBN, page 1095b