idem

== English == === Alternative forms === id. (abbreviation) === Etymology === From Middle English idem, borrowed from Latin idem (“the same”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈɪ.dɛm/, /ˈaɪ.dɛm/ === Pronoun === idem The same. ==== Usage notes ==== Used almost exclusively in footnotes of academic or scholarly papers, especially those of the legal profession, to indicate that the source or author referred to in a footnote is the same as in the preceding footnote; usually abbreviated when so used. ==== Related terms ==== ==== Translations ==== === See also === ditto ibidem, ibid. === Further reading === idem on Wikipedia.Wikipedia === Anagrams === Demi, Diem, Dime, IMed, demi, demi-, dime, meid == Dutch == === Pronunciation === === Adverb === idem idem, ditto === Anagrams === meid == French == === Etymology === Borrowed from Latin idem. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /i.dɛm/ === Adverb === idem idem, likewise Synonym: id. pour moi c'est idem ― it's all the same to me === Further reading === “idem”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012 === Anagrams === demi, dîme == Indonesian == === Etymology === Unadapted borrowing from Dutch idem, from Latin idem (“the same”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈɪ.dəm/, /ˈɪ.dɛm/ === Pronoun === idem idem ==== Derived terms ==== === Further reading === “idem”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016 === Anagrams === demi == Italian == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈi.dem/ Rhymes: -idem Hyphenation: ì‧dem === Adverb === idem ditto, and so, likewise, also === Pronoun === idem ditto, the same === References === === Anagrams === dime, medi == Latin == === Alternative forms === eidem (frequently in manuscripts and inscriptions) isdem, eisdem (rarely) īde (Late Latin, proscribed) === Etymology === From Proto-Italic *izdim; equivalent to is (“he”) + Proto-Italic *-im (emphatic marker) (whence Sabellic *-om, Oscan 𐌝𐌔𐌝𐌃𐌖𐌌 (ísídum), 𐌄𐌔𐌝𐌃𐌖𐌌 (esídum)), from Proto-Indo-European *im (whence also Old Latin im, em), accusative singular of *éy (so both parts are from the same source). The s was lost and the i lengthened by compensatory lengthening. When is' ablative cases eōd, eād became eō, eā, idem's ablative true forms eōd-em, eād-em were interpreted as eō-dem, eā-dem. The neuter nominative singular id-em is natural. De verborum significatione gives emem as a form of the later eundem.[1] The new marker -dem then served to create totidem, tantundem, ibīdem, etc. Compare tam-en with its later doublet: tan-dem (← *tam-dem). === Pronunciation === (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈiː.dẽː], [ˈɪ.dẽː] (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈiː.dem] === Pronoun === īdem (feminine eadem, neuter idem); demonstrative pronoun (with m optionally → n in compounds) with an indeclinable portion the same 29 bc. Virgil. Georgics, III amor omnibus īdem Love is the same for all ==== Declension ==== Irregular declension. Similar to the declension of is, ea, id. Demonstrative pronoun (with m optionally → n in compounds) with an indeclinable portion. 1The nom./dat./abl. plural forms regularly developed into a monosyllable /iː(s)/, with later remodelling - compare the etymology of deus. This /iː/ was normally spelled as EI during and as II after the Republic; a disyllabic iī, spelled II, Iꟾ, appears in Silver Age poetry, while disyllabic eīs is only post-Classical. Other spellings include EEI(S), EIEI(S), IEI(S).2The dat. singular is found spelled EIEI (here represented as ēī) and scanned as two longs in Plautus, but also as a monosyllable. The latter is its normal scansion in Classical. Other spellings include EEI, IEI. ==== Derived terms ==== identidem identitās (see there for further derivatives) ==== Related terms ==== === References === === Further reading === “idem”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press “idem”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers “idem”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette. Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎[2], London: Macmillan and Co. Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN == Portuguese == === Pronunciation === === Pronoun === idem (demonstrative) idem, ditto (the aforesaid, the same) === Further reading === “idem”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026 == Romanian == === Etymology === Borrowed from Latin idem. === Adverb === idem idem == Serbo-Croatian == === Verb === idem (Cyrillic spelling идем) first-person singular present of ići == Slovak == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈiɟem] === Verb === idem first-person singular present of ísť == Spanish == === Etymology === Unadapted borrowing from Latin idem. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈidem/ [ˈi.ð̞ẽm] Rhymes: -idem Syllabification: i‧dem === Pronoun === idem alternative form of ídem ==== Usage notes ==== According to Royal Spanish Academy (RAE) prescriptions, unadapted foreign words should be written in italics in a text printed in roman type, and vice versa, and in quotation marks in a manuscript text or when italics are not available. In practice, this RAE prescription is not always followed. ==== Derived terms ==== === Further reading === “idem”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025