hull

== English == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /hʌl/ (Northern England) IPA(key): /hʊl/ Rhymes: -ʌl Homophone: Hull === Etymology 1 === From Middle English hul, hulle, holle (“seed covering, hull of a ship”), from Old English hulu (“seed covering”), from Proto-Germanic *hul-, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, hide”); or possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kal- (“hard”). Compare Dutch hul (“hood”), German Hülle (“cover, wrap”), Hülse (“hull”); also Old Irish calad, calath (“hard”), Latin callus, callum (“rough skin”), Old Church Slavonic калити (kaliti, “to cool, harden”). For the sense development, compare French coque (“nutshell; ship's hull”), Ancient Greek φάσηλος (phásēlos, “bean pod; yacht”). ==== Noun ==== hull (plural hulls) The outer covering of a fruit or seed. Synonyms: peel, husk, shell Any covering. ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== ==== Verb ==== hull (third-person singular simple present hulls, present participle hulling, simple past and past participle hulled) To remove the outer covering of a fruit or seed. Synonyms: peel, husk, shell, shuck ===== Translations ===== === Etymology 2 === From Middle English holle, hoole (“hull, hold of a ship, ship”), of uncertain origin. Possibly a variant and special use of Etymology 1 above, conformed to hull. Alternatively, a variant of Middle English hole, hoole, holle (“hiding place, lair, den, shelter, compartment”, literally “hole, hollow”), related to Middle Dutch and Dutch hol (“hole, ship's cargo hold”). More at hole. ==== Noun ==== hull (plural hulls) (nautical, aviation) The body or frame of a vessel, such as a ship or plane. Synonym: (of a winged aircraft) fuselage (mathematics, geometry, of a set A) The smallest set that possesses a particular property (such as convexity) and contains every point of A; slightly more formally, the intersection of all sets which possess the specified property and of which A is a subset. Synonyms: affine hull, affine span, span ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== ==== Verb ==== hull (third-person singular simple present hulls, present participle hulling, simple past and past participle hulled) (obsolete, intransitive, nautical) To drift; to be carried by the impetus of wind or water on the ship's hull alone, with sails furled. (transitive) To hit (a ship) in the hull with cannon fire etc. == Estonian == === Etymology === From Proto-Finnic *hullu. Cognate to Finnish hullu and Livonian ull. === Adjective === hull (genitive hullu, partitive hullu, comparative hullem, superlative kõige hullem) crazy, mad ==== Declension ==== == Hungarian == === Alternative forms === hullik === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Finno-Ugric *kulɜ-. Cognates include Finnish kulua (“to wear out, to get consumed”) and Komi-Zyrian гылавны (gylavny, “to fall, to drop, to collapse”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈhulː] Rhymes: -ulː === Verb === hull (intransitive) to fall Synonym: esik Hull a hó. ― It's snowing. (literally, “The snow is falling.”) térdre hull ― to fall on one's knees (intransitive, of tears) to flow (intransitive, of hair) to fall out (intransitive) to die (in large quantities) Hullanak, mint a legyek. ― They are dying off like flies. ==== Usage notes ==== The traditional form is without -ik, but the variant with -ik is spreading, especially in reference to hair.[3] This verb is called a pseudo-ik verb, as its -ik ending presents itself only in the 3rd-person singular (indicative present) form, but it is not an -ik verb in any other aspect. As a result, it cannot take the -om/-em/-öm ending in the 1st-person singular (indicative present) form, even in the most erudite style, only -ok/-ek/-ök. Naturally, the optional -m ending cannot appear, either, in their subjunctive or conditional 1st-person singular forms, so only -jak/-jek and -nék is possible in these respective forms. These verbs include the following: bomlik, (el)bújik, (meg)érik, (le)folyik, (össze)gyűlik, hazudik, (le)hull(ik), (bele)/(oda)illik, (meg)jelenik, (el)kopik, (el)múlik, ömlik, (meg)születik, (meg)szűnik, (meg)telik, tojik, (el)törik, (el)/(fel)tűnik, (el)válik, and (el)züllik. (Ki)nyílik partially belongs here, as it cannot take the first-person -om ending but it can take the third-person -jék. ==== Conjugation ==== In archaic or literary style, the short forms (with no linking vowel) are (were) common in the past tense, as well as in the present-tense conditional (even if it is long otherwise): ==== Derived terms ==== (With verbal prefixes): === Further reading === hull in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN. == Norwegian Bokmål == === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Old Norse hól, through Danish hul. Compare to English hole ==== Alternative forms ==== hol ==== Noun ==== hull n (definite singular hullet, indefinite plural hull or huller, definite plural hulla or hullene) a hole ===== Derived terms ===== === Etymology 2 === ==== Verb ==== hull imperative of hulle === See also === hòl (Nynorsk) === References === “hull” in The Bokmål Dictionary. == Swedish == === Etymology === From Old Swedish huld, from Proto-Norse *ᚺᛟᛚᛞᚨ (*holda), from Proto-Germanic *huldą. === Noun === hull n soft, superficial flesh (fat and muscle) ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== med hull och hår === References === “hull”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish) “hull”, in Svenska Akademiens ordlista [Wordlist of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish) “hull”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)