homo homini lupus

== Latin == === Etymology === From homō (“a human being, man”) + hominī (“to man”, dative singular of the same) + lupus (“a wolf”). As is typical of Latin proverbs, the sentence is nominal (lacks the copular est). First attested in Erasmus' Adagia, a variation on the proverb alluded to by Plautus in Lupus est homō hominī, nōn homō, quom quālis sit nōn nōvit ("To a human, a human is not a human but a wolf when he doesn't know what the other one is like"). Compare Erasmus' Hominī nūlla fera perniciōsior quam homō ("No beast is more dangerous to a human than another human"). === Pronunciation === (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈhɔ.moː ˈhɔ.mɪ.niː ˈɫʊ.pʊs] (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈɔː.mo ˈɔː.mi.ni ˈluː.pus] === Phrase === homō hominī lupus man is a wolf to man (what wolf is to other animals, man is to another man) ==== Descendants ==== → English: man is a wolf to man (calque) → Finnish: ihminen on ihmiselle susi (calque) → French: l'homme est un loup pour l'homme (calque) → Hungarian: ember embernek farkasa (calque) ⇒ Icelandic: maður er manns gaman (“man is the enjoyment of man”) (antonymic calque) → Polish: człowiek człowiekowi wilkiem (calque) → Portuguese: o homem é o lobo do homem (calque) → Russian: челове́к челове́ку волк (čelovék čelovéku volk) (calque) === References === === Further reading === homo homini lupus on Wikipedia.Wikipedia