holk

== English == === Alternative forms === howk, houk (Northern England, Scotland) === Etymology 1 === From Middle English holk, from Old English holc, holoc (“hole, cavity”), from Proto-West Germanic *holuk, from Proto-Germanic *hulukaz (“a hollow”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, hide”). Equivalent to hole +‎ -ock (diminutive ending). Cognate with Low German holke, hölke (“small hole”), German Holk (“a type of flat-bottomed barge”), Swedish holk (“nest, birdhouse”), dialectal Norwegian holk, hylke (“wooden barrel, cask”), Icelandic hólkur (“hollow cylinder or tube”). Related to hulk. ==== Noun ==== holk (plural holks) (UK dialectal) A hollow cavity. === Etymology 2 === From Middle English holken, from Old English *holcian (attested in āholcian, āhlocian (“to dig out”), from Proto-West Germanic *holukōn, derived from the noun above. Cognate with Middle Low German holken, hȫlken (“to hollow out”), German Low German uthöhlken (“to hollow out”). ==== Verb ==== holk (third-person singular simple present holks, present participle holking, simple past and past participle holked) (transitive, UK dialectal) To dig out; make hollow; hollow out. (transitive, UK dialectal) To dig; dig into; pierce; penetrate; investigate; poke. (transitive, UK dialectal) To dig up; excavate. === Anagrams === Kohl, kohl == Middle Low German == === Alternative forms === hulk, hollek, hollik, hollich, holyk, hulyck === Etymology === Compare Middle High German holche, Ancient Greek ὁλκάς (holkás, “barge”), ἕλκειν (hélkein, “to drag”). === Noun === holk m hulk (large cargo ship) === References === "holk" in Köbler, Gerhard, Mittelniederdeutsches Wörterbuch (3rd edition 2014) == Swedish == === Etymology === From Old Swedish holker, from Old Norse holkr, from Proto-Germanic *hulkaz (“cavity, hollow, recess”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, hide, conceal”). Cognate with Icelandic hólkur, English hulk. === Noun === holk c hollow object; socket (like the shaft socket on a speartip) a nest box, a birdhouse Synonym: fågelholk a hulk, an old, decommissioned ship (used for storage or housing) (slang) a pipe stuffed with cannabis, or more rarely a joint ==== Declension ==== ==== Related terms ==== === References === holk in Svensk ordbok (SO) holk in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL) holk in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB) holk in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)