hogy

== Hungarian == === Etymology === From Proto-Uralic *kuńćɜ, from *ku (“interrogative stem”). Cognates include Komi-Zyrian кыдз (kydź, “how”), Eastern Mari кузе (kuze, “how”), perhaps Finnish konsa (“when”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈhoɟ] Rhymes: -oɟ === Adverb === hogy (interrogative) how? Synonyms: hogyan, (the next three are literary style) miként, miképp, miképpen Hogy vagy? ― How are you? (informal) Hogy érzi magát? ― How are you feeling? (formal) ==== Usage notes ==== It is usually interchangeable with hogyan (and its other, less common synonyms), except when followed by a form of van (“to be”) (as in the examples above). This adverb hogy is stressed, as opposed to the conjunction below, which has no stress: Várom, hogy dönt. ― I’m waiting (to see) how s/he decides. – stressed (adverb), interchangeable with hogyan; optionally it may also be preceded by the (unstressed) conjunction hogy: Várom, hogy hogy(an) dönt. Várom, hogy döntsön. ― I’m waiting for him/her to decide (literally, “…that s/he should decide”) – unstressed (conjunction) Sometimes both interpretations (and thus both pronunciations) are possible: elárulta, hogy változtatna a közlekedési szabályokon (“s/he revealed how s/he would change traffic rules / that s/he would change traffic rules”). It can be disambiguated for example in the following ways: elárulta, hogyan változtatna… vs. elárulta, hogy megváltoztatná a közlekedési szabályokat (verbal prefix inserted, superessive argument changed to direct object): the fronted verbal prefix is possible only if it is stressed, which precludes a stressed adverb hogy. ==== Derived terms ==== === Conjunction === hogy (followed by indicative mood) that Látom, hogy itt vagy. ― I see that you are here. Láttam, hogy jössz. ― I saw you coming. (literally, “I saw that you "are" coming.”) (followed by indicative mood, used with -e or a question word, often omitted) if, whether (or not translated) Nem tudom, (hogy) akar-e jönni. ― I don't know if s/he wants to come. Nem tudom, (hogy) mikor akar jönni. ― I don't know when s/he wants to come. (literally, “I don't know that when s/he wants to come.”) (followed by subjunctive/imperative mood, occasionally omitted) to (expressing imperative in reported speech) Mondtam neki, hogy maradjon otthon. ― I told him/her to stay at home. (literally, “I told him/her that he/she stay [imperative] at home.”) (followed by subjunctive/imperative mood, optionally preceded by azért, abból a célból or avégett) so, so that, so as to, in order to, in order that (specifying the aim or goal of an action) Átmegyek a másik szobába, hogy ne zavarjalak. ― I'll go to the other room so I don't disturb you. Azért megyek át a másik szobába, hogy ne zavarjalak. ― I'll go to the other room so that I don't disturb you. ==== Usage notes ==== See above, under the adverb sense. ==== Derived terms ==== === See also === === Further reading === (how [adverb]): hogy in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN. (that [conjunction]): hogy in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.