hiljada

== Serbo-Croatian == === Alternative forms === iljada === Etymology === Borrowed from Greek χιλιάδα (chiliáda), from Ancient Greek χιλιάς (khiliás). Some of the early attestations suggest /lj/ rather than /ʎ/ pronunciation (see Hektorović's quotation). First attested in the 15th century. Supplanted native tisuća, particularly in eastern Štokavian dialects. The replacement came from Greek merchants who were the main users of larger numbers; on the other hand, Štokavian Dubrovnik which extensively traded retained the Slavic word. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /xǐʎada/, /xîʎada/ === Noun === hìljada (Serbia) or hȉljada (Bosnia, Croatia, Serbia) f (Cyrillic spelling хѝљада or хи̏љада) thousand Synonym: tisuća ==== Usage notes ==== In contemporary Croatian usage tisuća is the usual standard equivalent. Hiljada is regarded as more typical of Serbian, though it is also found in literary Croatian. Two accentual variants are found in dialects and standards: hìljada (from older hiljȁda) and hȉljada. The first is the more archaic variant (original Greek χιλιάδα (chiliáda); compare also with Bulgarian хиля́да (hiljáda)), the latter arose by generalising the accent of hȉljādā, the Štokavian genitive plural of hìljada/hiljȁda, a frequent form due to its usage with numbers ≥5. In Čakavian and Kajkavian the form hȉljada may be a result of loaning either hìljada or hȉljada from Štokavian, since the former dialects don't distinguish rising and falling short accents. The geographic spread of the variants in Štokavian is somewhat mixed across the four states, but has yielded the following forms in standard manuals: Croatian: hȉljada Bosnian: hȉljada Serbian: hìljada or hȉljada Dialectal data: Štokavian: Bosnia and Herzegovina: (h)ȉljada Croatia: hȉljada (central and southern Štokavian dialects), hiljȁda-hìljada (Slavonia, Old and Neo-Štokavian respectively) Montenegro: (h)iljȁda, hìljada and ȉljada Serbia: (h)ìljada, ȉljada Torlak: ilja̍do Čakavian: Crikvenica: hȉljada, Gpl hiljãd Vrgada: ȉl̦ada Kajkavian: Đurđevac: ilȁda, Gsg iladȇ̦, Gpl ilȃd̬ (dialect with Zweisilbengesetz) Lower Sutla dialect (donjosutlanski): hȉlada (hȉljada) Varaždin: h'ilada, h'iladȩ, hilạ̑t Turopolje: ȉlada Historical dictionaries and grammars: Della Bella 1728: Higljadda (Migliajo) Ignjat Alojzije Brlić 1833/1850: hil̦âda ==== Declension ==== ==== Quotations ==== For quotations using this term, see Citations:hiljada. ==== Derived terms ==== hiljadu hiljadarka hiljaditi === References ===