helfen

== German == === Etymology === From Middle High German hëlfen, from Old High German hëlfan, from Proto-West Germanic *helpan, from Proto-Germanic *helpaną, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱelb-, *ḱelp-. Cognate with Low German helpen, Dutch helpen, English help, Danish hjælpe, Norwegian Bokmål hjelpe. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈhɛlfn̩/ Hyphenation: hel‧fen === Verb === helfen (class 3 strong, third-person singular present hilft, past tense half, past participle geholfen, past subjunctive hülfe, auxiliary haben) [with dative] to help (someone); to assist; to aid [with bei (+ dative) ‘with’] ==== Usage notes ==== When used as a catenative verb, helfen can be either take zu + infinitive or the bare infinitive. Similarly as in modal verbs like müssen and können, when used with a bare infinitive, the past participle geholfen can be replaced by the infinitive helfen (as shown in the third example), but this phenomenon does not occur unless in obsolete or archaic speech. ==== Conjugation ==== The past subjunctive hülfe is rare. Even rarer variants are hälfe and hölfe. ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== === Further reading === “helfen” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache “helfen” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon “helfen” in Duden online “helfen” in OpenThesaurus.de “helfen” in Deutsches Wörterbuch von Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm, 16 vols., Leipzig 1854–1961. === Anagrams === fehlen == Middle High German == === Etymology === Inherited from Old High German hëlfan, from Proto-West Germanic *helpan, from Proto-Germanic *helpaną. Cognate with Middle Low German helpen, Middle Dutch helpen, and Middle English helpen. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): (before 13th CE) /ˈhɛlfən/ === Verb === hëlfen (class 3 strong, third-person singular present hilfet, past tense half, past participle geholfen, past subjunctive hülfe, auxiliary hān) to help Wër hülfe danne mir? ― Who would then help me? ==== Conjugation ==== ==== Descendants ==== Central Franconian: hellepe Cimbrian: hölfan German: helfen Luxembourgish: hëllefen Yiddish: העלפֿן (helfn) === References === Benecke, Georg Friedrich; Müller, Wilhelm; Zarncke, Friedrich (1863), “helfen”, in Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch: mit Benutzung des Nachlasses von Benecke, Stuttgart: S. Hirzel == Old High German == === Verb === hëlfēn third-person plural present subjunctive of hëlfan == Welsh == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈhɛlvɛn/ === Noun === helfen h-prothesized form of elfen === Mutation ===