hafieist

== Oscan == === Etymology === Disputed. Perhaps inherited from Proto-Italic *haβjō, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeh₁bʰ-. Schrijver and De Vaan alternatively reconstruct an original athematic i-present at the Proto-Italic level, which they nevertheless derive from the same root. Schrijver argues that his alternative reconstruction allows for a clearer morphological explanation of the Oscan term. According to his theory, the Proto-Italic athematic i-present took the shape *hab/β-i-, with an original future stem *hab/β-ei-, that was later adjusted to *hab/β-i-ei-s in Oscan due to the introduction of the stem vowel from the present. Compare Umbrian 𐌇𐌀𐌇𐌕𐌖 (hahtu), which also been derived from an i-present, and Proto-Celtic *gabyeti (“to grab, seize”). According to Zair, the term might derive from Proto-Italic *haβēō. Compare Oscan hαfειτουδ (hafeitoud), which may also reflect an *ē-conjugation verb. Buck alternatively derives the term from a pre-form *hapjō, suggesting that the term is a mistaken spelling for *hapiest. This irregular spelling may also be explained via the influence of another root, perhaps *kap-. The perfect forms hipid and hipust might reflect Proto-Italic *hēp-, whence also perhaps Sicel γεπεδ (geped). Piowarczyk derives the forms hipid and hipust from *h₁e-h₁óp-e, a reduplicated perfect from the root *h₁ep- (“to grab, snatch”). He suggests that the /h/ was introduced analogically due to the influence of the other forms from *gʰeh₁bʰ-. Buck alternatively explains this pre-form as the result of contamination between the roots of Latin habeō (“to heave, hold”) and capiō (“to seize, take”). === Verb === hafieist (3rd-person singular future active indicative) to hold, have ==== Conjugation ==== hipid (3rd-person singular perfect subjunctive) hipust (3rd-person singular future perfect) ==== Usage notes ==== The text has been emended to *hafiest by some scholars on account of difficulties with the morphological interpretation of the attested form and the appearance of a seemingly contradictory ending in herest. Schrijver rejects these arguments, instead proposing an alternative interpretation of the attested form according to his theory of athematic i-presents. Zair argues that rendering the term as hafieist allows for a derivation of the term from an *ē-conjugation verb. ==== Related terms ==== ==== Derived terms ==== === References ===