gugur

== Indonesian == === Etymology === Inherited from Malay gugur === Pronunciation === (Standard Indonesian) IPA(key): /ˈɡuɡur/ [ˈɡu.ɡʊr] Rhymes: -uɡur Syllabification: gu‧gur === Verb === gugur to fall (literal, intransitive) to be moved downwards Synonym: jatuh (literal, transitive) to move downwards to collapse; to be overthrown or defeated Synonyms: kalah, rontok (euphemistic) to perish, to succumb; to die, especially in battle or by disease Synonyms: mati, tewas (somewhat euphemistic) to be born prematurely to be null and void, to fail, to lapse Synonym: batal to be eliminated ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== === Adjective === gugur (not comparable) (military) killed in action === Further reading === “gugur”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016 == Malay == === Etymology === Probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *guur (“to fall, be shed”). === Pronunciation === (schwa-variety) IPA(key): /ˈɡuɡo(r)/ [ˈɡu.ɡo(r)] Rhymes: -uɡo(r), -ɡo(r), -o(r) (Literary Standard) IPA(key): /ˈɡuɡur/ [ˈɡu.ɡur] Rhymes: -uɡur, -ɡur, -ur Hyphenation: gu‧gur === Verb === gugur (Jawi spelling ݢوݢور) to fall (of accidental or involuntary manner - fruits, stars, leaves etc) Synonyms: runtuh, rontok to descend (literal, intransitive) to be moved downwards Synonyms: turun, jatuh (literal, transitive) to move downwards to collapse Synonyms: runtuh, rontok to be overthrown or defeated Synonym: dikalahkan to die, especially in battle or by disease Synonyms: mati, terkorban to be born prematurely to be null and void, to fail, to lapse Synonym: batal to be eliminated Synonym: disingkirkan ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== > Indonesian: gugur (inherited) === References === Pijnappel, Jan (1875), “ݢوݢر goegoer”, in Maleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek, John Enschede en Zonen, Frederik Muller, pages 108-9 Wilkinson, R. J. (1901-1903), “ݢوݢر gugor”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Singapore; Hong Kong; Shanghai; Yokohama: Kelly & Walsh Ltd., page 582 Wilkinson, Richard James (1932), “gugur”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume I, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, pages 377-8 === Further reading === "gugur" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017