grind

== English == === Etymology 1 === From Middle English grynden, from Old English grindan, from Proto-West Germanic *grindan, from Proto-Germanic *grindaną. Cognate with Saterland Frisian gríende, griene (“to grind, mill”), Dutch grinden (“to grind”, rare) and grind (“gravel, shingle”), Albanian grind (“to brawl, fight”). ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /ˈɡɹaɪnd/ Rhymes: -aɪnd ==== Verb ==== grind (third-person singular simple present grinds, present participle grinding, simple past and past participle ground or grinded) (see usage notes below) (transitive) To reduce to smaller pieces by crushing with lateral motion. (transitive) To shape with the force of friction. (metalworking) To remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface. (intransitive) To become ground, pulverized, or polished by friction. To move with much difficulty or friction; to grate. (sports, intransitive) To slide the flat portion of a skateboard or snowboard across an obstacle such as a railing. (transitive) To oppress, hold down or weaken. (slang, intransitive) To rotate the hips erotically. (slang) To dance in a sexually suggestive way with both partners in very close proximity, often pressed against each other. (slang) To rub one's body against another's in a sexual way; to frottage. (video games) To repeat a task a large number of times in a row to achieve a specific goal. (transitive) To operate by turning a crank. To produce mechanically and repetitively as if by turning a crank. (computing, dated) To automatically format and indent code. (slang, Hawaii) To eat. To instill through repetitive teaching. (intransitive, slang) To work or study hard; to hustle or drudge. (transitive, slang) To annoy or irritate (a person); to grind one's gears. ===== Usage notes ===== In the sports and video game senses, the past participle and past tense form grinded is often used instead of the irregular form ground. Historically, there also existed a past participle form grounden, but it is now archaic or obsolete. When used to denote sexually suggestive dancing between two partners, the past participle and past tense form grinded is almost always used. ===== Conjugation ===== Strong conjugation (all other senses) Weak conjugation (sports, video games, dance move) ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== ==== Noun ==== grind (countable and uncountable, plural grinds) The act of reducing to powder, or of sharpening, by friction. Something that has been reduced to powder, something that has been ground. A specific degree of pulverization of coffee beans. A tedious and laborious task. Synonym: chore A grinding trick on a skateboard or snowboard. (archaic, slang) One who studies hard. Synonym: swot (uncountable, music) Clipping of grindcore (“subgenre of heavy metal”). (uncountable, slang) Hustle; hard work. ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== === Etymology 2 === From Faroese grind (“pilot-whale meat”). ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /ˈɡɹɪnd/ Rhymes: -ɪnd ==== Noun ==== grind (plural grinds) A traditional communal pilot whale hunt in the Faroe Islands. ===== Synonyms ===== grindadráp === Anagrams === D-ring, dring == Albanian == === Etymology === Either a nasal variant of grij or gërdhij, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrendʰ- (compare English grind, Lithuanian gréndžiu (“to scrape, scratch”). Same sense development as with grih. === Verb === grind (aorist grinda, participle grindur) (transitive) to brawl, to fight, to wrangle over ==== Conjugation ==== ==== Related terms ==== grij gërryej gërdhij grindavec === Further reading === “grind”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006 FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎[3], 1980 == Dutch == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ɣrɪnt/ Hyphenation: grind Rhymes: -ɪnt === Etymology 1 === From Middle Dutch grint, grinde, from Old Dutch *grinda, from Proto-Germanic *grindō (“sand, pebbles”). ==== Alternative forms ==== grinde, grinte (obsolete) grint ==== Noun ==== grind n (uncountable, no diminutive) (geology) gravel, pebbles, shingle ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Descendants ===== Afrikaans: grint === Etymology 2 === From Germanic, perhaps from the above root as a crusty rash. ==== Alternative forms ==== grinde ==== Noun ==== grind n (uncountable, no diminutive) (archaic, pathology) the diseases scabies (human), mange (canine) ===== Synonyms ===== schurft m ===== Derived terms ===== grindig (adjective) === Anagrams === dring == Faroese == === Etymology 1 === From Old Norse grind (“gate”). ==== Pronunciation ==== ==== Noun ==== grind f (genitive singular grindar, plural grindir) A framework A grille ===== Declension ===== === Etymology 2 === The term is a Faroese invention. A school of pilot whales reminds of a framework (see grind above) in the sea, by swimming very close to each other. More likely the word is related to the English word ground and refers to the whales frequently running aground or easily driven onto ground. Another theory suggests it refers to grinding, scraping or rubbing, in as mating behaviour.On the etymology of Faroese Grind “school of pilot whales” The Faroese term was loaned in many other languages; compare German Grindwal, Danish grindehval or Dutch griend. ==== Noun ==== grind f (genitive singular grindar, plural grindir) A school of grindahvalur (pilot whales) The tvøst (meat) and spik (blubber) of the pilot whales The act of pilot whaling, grindadráp (figuratively) An unexpected meal ===== Declension ===== ===== Descendants ===== Azerbaijani: qrind Belarusian: гры́нда (hrýnda) Bulgarian: гри́нда (grínda) ⇒ Danish: grindehval Dutch: griend Estonian: grinda German: Grindwal Icelandic: grind Russian: гри́нда (grínda) Swedish: grindval Ukrainian: гри́нда (hrýnda) Uzbek: grind == Icelandic == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /krɪnt/ Rhymes: -ɪnt === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Old Norse grind. ==== Noun ==== grind f (genitive singular grindar, nominative plural grindur) lattice, grid, grille framework (order theory) lattice ===== Declension ===== === Etymology 2 === Borrowed from Faroese grind. ==== Noun ==== grind f (genitive singular grindar, nominative plural grindur) pilot whale Synonyms: grindahvalur, marsvín ===== Declension ===== === Anagrams === girnd == Middle English == === Etymology === From grinden. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ɡriːnd/ === Noun === grind (plural grindes) (Early Middle English) The function of chewing. The gnashing of teeth. ==== Descendants ==== English: grind ⇒ Yola: grynedaane, gridane ==== References ==== “grīnd, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007. == Norwegian Bokmål == === Etymology === From Old Norse grind. === Noun === grind f or m (definite singular grinda or grinden, indefinite plural grinder, definite plural grindene) A hinged gate across a road or path where it is intersected by a fence. A framework A grille ==== Derived terms ==== === References === “grind” in The Bokmål Dictionary. “grind” in The Ordnett Dictionary == Norwegian Nynorsk == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ɡrɪnd/, /ɡrɪnː/ (dialects with palatalization) IPA(key): /ɡrɪɲː/ === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Old Norse grind. ==== Noun ==== grind f (definite singular grinda, indefinite plural grinder, definite plural grindene) A hinged gate across a road or path where it is intersected by a fence. A framework A grille ===== Inflection ===== ===== Derived terms ===== beingrind leikegrind takgrind trappegrind === Etymology 2 === Borrowed from English grind ==== Noun ==== grind m (definite singular grinden, uncountable) (music) clipping of grindcore === References === “grind” in The Nynorsk Dictionary. == Old Norse == === Etymology === From Proto-Germanic *grindiz. === Noun === grind f (genitive grindar, plural grindr) a gate made of spars or bars haven, dock storehouses ==== Declension ==== ==== Descendants ==== === Further reading === Zoëga, Geir T. (1910), “grind”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive == Swedish == === Etymology === From Old Swedish grind, from Old Norse grind, from Proto-Germanic *grindiz, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrendʰ-. === Noun === grind c a (non-solid, like a grid or mesh) gate (in a fence, wall, hedge, or the like) (computing) A gate (logical pathway) ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== ==== See also ==== port (“gate”) === Further reading === “grind”, in Svenska Akademiens ordböcker [Dictionaries of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish) grind in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922) === Anagrams === ringd