granica

== Lower Sorbian == === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *granica. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈɡra.ɲi.t͡sa/ Rhymes: -aɲit͡sa Syllabification: gra‧ni‧ca === Noun === granica f border (line or frontier area separating regions) ==== Declension ==== ==== Synonyms ==== mjaza === Further reading === Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928), “granica”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008 Starosta, Manfred (1999), “granica”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag == Old Polish == === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *granica. First attested in the 13th century. By surface analysis, grań +‎ -ica. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /ɡraɲit͡sʲa/ IPA(key): (15th CE) /ɡraɲit͡sʲa/ === Noun === granica f (related adjective graniczny) (attested in Greater Poland, Silesia, Sieradz-Łęczyca) border (line separating two regions) (attested in Lesser Poland, Sieradz-Łęczyca) border (all territory belonging to such a line) (attested in Greater Poland, Masovia) boundary mark in the form of a mound or furrow, marked tree, or stack of trees ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== Polish: granica Silesian: granica → Middle High German: grenize, greiniz, greniz (and/or from Sorbian)Bavarian: GrenzCentral Franconian:Hunsrik: GrenzLuxembourgish: GrenzGerman: Grenze, Gränze (pre-1901)→ Norwegian Bokmål: grense→ Norwegian Nynorsk: grenseRhine Franconian:Pennsylvania German: GrenzYiddish: גרענעץ (grenets) → Middle Low German: grense, grenitse (and/or from Polabian) → Dutch: grensAfrikaans: grens → Danish: grænse → Swedish: gräns → Latin: granicia === References === Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “granica”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965), “granica”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego Mańczak, Witold (2017), “granica”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “granica”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish) Bożena Sieradzka-Baziur, et al., editors (2011–2015), “granica”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN Ewa Deptuchowa, et al., editors (2023), “granica”, in Rozariusze z polskimi glosami. Internetowa baza danych [Dictionaries of Polish glosses, an Internet database] (in Polish), Kraków: Pracownia Języka Staropolskiego Instytut Języka Polskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk == Polish == === Etymology === Inherited from Old Polish granica. By surface analysis, grań +‎ -ica. === Pronunciation === Rhymes: -it͡sa Syllabification: gra‧ni‧ca Homophone: Granica === Noun === granica f (related adjective graniczny) border (line separating two regions) [with między (+ instrumental) ‘between what’] za granic (Podhale, Rabka-Zdrój) ― beyond one's village (obsolete, Warsaw, in the plural) region (area between borders) edge, limit (bound beyond which one may not go) [with między (+ instrumental) ‘between what’] limit (moment or situation that defines what is acceptable) limit (dividing line or factors that differentiate something) (mathematics) limit (value to which a sequence converges) (Kielce) synonym of miedza (Central Greater Poland, Kościan, Southern Greater Poland, Czacz, Western Lublin, Chmielnik, children's games) children's game ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== === Trivia === According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), granica is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 41 times in scientific texts, 36 times in news, 40 times in essays, 18 times in fiction, and 8 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 143 times, making it the 413th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words. === References === === Further reading === “granica”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎[9] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN “granica”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎[10] (in Polish) Maria Renata Mayenowa; Stanisław Rospond; Witold Taszycki; Stefan Hrabec; Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023), “granica”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish] “GRANICA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 07.10.2014 Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “granica”, in Słownik języka polskiego Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “granica”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861 J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “granica”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 901 Jan Karłowicz (1901), “granica”, in Słownik gwar polskich [Dictionary of Polish dialects] (in Polish), volume 2: F do K, Kraków: Akademia Umiejętności, page 120 == Serbo-Croatian == === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *granica. Compare grána. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ɡrǎnit͡sa/ Hyphenation: gra‧ni‧ca === Noun === grànica f (Cyrillic spelling гра̀ница) border državna granica ― country border preći granicu ― to cross the border boundary, limit unutar granica zakona ― within the boundaries of law Prešao si granicu! ― You crossed the line! (literally, “You crossed the limit!”) ==== Declension ==== ==== Synonyms ==== međa === Further reading === “granica”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026 == Silesian == === Etymology === Inherited from Old Polish granica. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ɡraˈɲi.t͡sa/ Rhymes: -it͡sa Syllabification: gra‧ni‧ca === Noun === granica f (diminutive graniczka, related adjective graniczny) border (line separating two regions) (politics) border (line dividing countries) edge, limit (bound beyond which one may not go) ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== === Further reading === granica in silling.org == Slovene == === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *granica. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ɡráːnit͡sa/ === Noun === grȃnica f (archaic) border Synonym: mêja ==== Declension ==== === Further reading === “granica”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran “granica”, in Termania, Amebis See also the general references