gortika

== Celtiberian == === Alternative forms === kortika === Etymology === Disputed. It may belong to the same root as Celtiberian kortono, korzonei, and kortonei. The term may be connected to Proto-Celtic *gortos, from the root *ǵʰer-. However, Matasović rejects this theory. Regardless, the linguist David Martínez-Chico suggests that the term may derive from Celtiberian gortas, which Martínez-Chico argues to have possibly derived from Proto-Indo-European *gʰord-eh₂ (“enclosure”), itself also from the root *ǵʰer-. According to Martínez-Chico, the term may have underwent a semantic shift from "enclosure" to "city," whence an adjective "of or pertaining to the city, municipal." Schrijver proposes a connection with Welsh gwartheg, for which he postulates a root *gʷʰer- (“worth”). Martínez-Chico argues that this etymology is phonologically problematic as, according to Martínez-Chico, the expected Celtiberian form would be *gwortikā. According to Schrijver, the unusual development could be explained if the labial was dissimilated due to the following /o/, though Martínez-Chico argues that such a phonological development is unsupported. === Adjective === gortika (nominative singular) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include: (if from *ǵʰer-) public, municipal (if from *gʷʰer-) object of exchange ==== Usage notes ==== According to Martínez-Chico, it is likely that the term was substantivized and came to refer to any kind of public document. ==== Declension ==== gortikam, kortikam (accusative singular) ==== Quotations ==== === References === Blanca M. Prósper (2025), “Some Linguistic Considerations on a New Celtiberian Bronze”, in Вопросы Ономастики‎[1], volume 22, number 1, →DOI, →ISSN, page 110 David Martínez-Chico; Blanca María Prósper (22 December 2021), “A new Celtiberian tessera in the Latin alphabet from Virovesca (Briviesca, Burgos) and the typology of tesserae hospitales”, in Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie‎[2] (in German), volume 68, number 1, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 167–196 Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*gorto-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 164-165 Blanca María Prósper (2011), “The instrumental case in the thematic noun inflection of Continental Celtic”, in Historische Sprachforschung / Historical Linguistics‎[3], volume 124, →ISSN, pages 250–267 Carlos Jordán Cólera (16 March 2007), “Celtiberian”, in Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies‎[4] Blanca María Prósper (2013-2014), “Time for Celtiberian dialectology: Celtiberian syllabic structure and the interpretation of the bronze tablet from Torrijo del Campo, Teruel (Spain)”, in Keltische Forschungen‎[5], volume 6, pages 133-134