gian khổ

== Vietnamese == === Etymology === Sino-Vietnamese word from 艱苦. === Pronunciation === (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [zaːn˧˧ xo˧˩] (Huế) IPA(key): [jaːŋ˧˧ kʰow˧˨] (Saigon) IPA(key): [jaːŋ˧˧ kʰow˨˩˦] === Noun === gian khổ hardship; misery; adversity kinh qua nhiều gian khổ chông gai ― to go through a hard time === Adjective === gian khổ hard; difficult; arduous