gelu

== Kabuverdianu == === Etymology === From Portuguese gelo. Cognate with Guinea-Bissau Creole djelu. === Noun === gelu ice == Latin == === Alternative forms === gelus, gelum === Etymology === From Proto-Indo-European *gel-u-, Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“cold”). Related to English cold. === Pronunciation === (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈɡɛ.ɫuː], [ˈɡɛ.ɫʊ] (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈd͡ʒɛː.lu] === Noun === gelū̆ n sg (genitive gelūs or gelū); fourth declension frost 15th century, A nominale [with a mentioning]. In: Anglo-Saxon and old English vocabularies by Thomas Wright. Second edition. Edited and collated by Richard Paul Wülcker. Volume I: Vocabularies, London, 1884, column 736: cold, chill Near-synonym: frīgus ==== Usage notes ==== The most frequent form by far is the ablative singular gelū, which is ambiguous in gender and can equally be taken as a form of masculine fourth-declension gelus. Other forms have either limited or no attestation in ancient texts: The nominative/accusative/vocative singular is attested in the first-century poem Nux (possibly by Ovid, alternatively by a Pseudo-Ovid). Additional attestations occur in Late Latin, Medieval Latin and New Latin. The rare genitive singular gelūs is shared with masculine gelus. The dative singular is unattested (aside from a few rare examples in New Latin). The gender and inflection are discussed by some Late Latin grammarians: Charisius describes it as a 4th-declension neuter noun with a single case ending in the singular (monoptote), and considers such nouns to end in the letter -⟨u⟩ in the nominative and in all singular cases. Diomedes Grammaticus describes it as ending in short -u in the nominative/accusative/vocative and long -ū in the genitive, dative and ablative. Priscian describes gelū as a 4th-declension neuter noun and considers masculine gelus archaic. Priscian says 4th-declension neuter nouns are indeclinable in the singular with long -ū throughout, although he acknowledges a variant opinion that posits short -u in the nom/acc/voc and long -ū in other cases. ==== Declension ==== Fourth-declension noun (neuter), singular only. 1The length of the final vowel is uncertain in the nominative/accusative/vocative singular; Martianus Capella considers it to end with -ū, while Servius considers it to end with -ŭ.2According to Martianus Capella.3According to Servius.4According to both. ==== Related terms ==== gelidus gelō gelicidium ==== Descendants ==== === References === === Further reading === “gelū” in volume 6, part 2, column 1732, line 1 in the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae (TLL Open Access), Berlin (formerly Leipzig): De Gruyter (formerly Teubner), 1900–present “gelu”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press “gelu”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers “gelu”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette. Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎[2], London: Macmillan and Co. Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “gelus”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 4: G H I, page 90 == Old Saxon == === Adjective === gelu alternative form of gelo