gazda

== Hungarian == === Etymology === First attested in c. 1177. Borrowed from a Slavic language. Compare Proto-Slavic *gostьpoda. See Slovak gazda, Serbo-Croatian gazda. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈɡɒzdɒ] Hyphenation: gaz‧da Rhymes: -dɒ === Noun === gazda (plural gazdák) master farmer host (in the expression házigazda) ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== → Bulgarian: га́зда (gázda) (dialectal) → Czech: gazda (dialectal) → Macedonian: газда (gazda) → Old Ruthenian: кгазда (gazda), ґазда (gazda) Carpathian Rusyn: ґа́зда́ (gázdá) Ukrainian: ґа́зда́ (gázdá) (dialectal) → Old Slovak: gazda Pannonian Rusyn: ґазда (gazda) Slovak: gazda → Polish: gazda (dialectal) → Romanian: gazdă → Serbo-Croatian: Cyrillic script: га̏зда Latin script: gȁzda → Slovene: gȃzda (tonal orthography) → Slovak: gazda === References === === Further reading === gazda in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN. == Polish == === Etymology === Borrowed from Hungarian gazda. === Pronunciation === Rhymes: -azda Syllabification: gaz‧da === Noun === gazda m pers (female equivalent gaździna) (agriculture, chiefly Podhale, Żywiec) Goral farmer (Biecz) rich and powerful farmer (Far Masovian, Łomża Voivodeship) synonym of próżniak ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== === References === === Further reading === “gazda”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎[2] (in Polish) Izydor Kopernicki (1875), “gazda”, in “Spostrzeżenia nad właściwościami językowémi w mowie Górali Bieskidowych z dodatkiem słowniczka wyrazów góralskich”, in Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności (I)‎[3], volume 3, Kraków: Akademia Umiejętności, page 370 Leon Rzeszowski (1891), “gazda”, in “Spis wyrazów ludowych z okolic Żywca”, in Sprawozdania Komisyi Językowej Akademii Umiejętności‎[4], volume 4, Krakow: Drukarnia Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, page 355 Roman Zawiliński (1880), “gazda”, in “Gwara brzezińska w pow. ropczyckim”, in Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności (I)‎[5] (in Polish), volume 8, Krakow: Akademia Umiejętności, page 228 Hieronim Łopaciński (1892), “gazda”, in “Przyczynki do nowego słownika języka polskiego (słownik wyrazów ludowych z Lubelskiego i innych okolic Królestwa Polskiego)”, in Prace Filologiczne (in Polish), volume 4, Warsaw: skł. gł. w Księgarni E. Wende i Ska, page 196 == Serbo-Croatian == === Etymology === Possibly Borrowed from Hungarian gazda, from a Slavic language; see Proto-Slavic *gostьpoda. Possibly from Early South Slavic **gazditi + *-a, ultimately from Proto-Slavic *gadъ. Németh 2009 explains the Old Hungarian gazda as a borrowing of Late Common Slavic *gostьpoda as **gospoda, yielding *gozda after the syncopy of -o-, with -spd- reduced to -sd-, then expectedly voiced to -zd-. The o > å opening process is widely attested in the 11th-14th century Old Hungarian. The disadvantage of this explanation is in its phonetic complexity. An alternative is a connection with Trubachyov's Early South Slavic **gazditi "to gag", (< *gadъ-diti with -dd- > -zd- analogous to Early South Slavic *gyzda < *gydъ-diti (cf. *gyditi), *gvazdati), an etymology devised to explain Slovene dial. gáziti se "to gag" and Bulgarian газя "to shout" (which he deemed semantically incompatible with *gaziti). The disadvantage of this explanation is in its semantic complexity, requiring a shift chain "to gag" > "to shout" > (+ deverbal agentive -a) "shouter" ~ "overseer" (eventually "lord"). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ɡâzda/ === Noun === gȁzda m anim (Cyrillic spelling га̏зда) landlord master host (colloquial) boss, bossman, head honcho (of Romani) saar ==== Declension ==== ==== See also ==== domaćin gazdarica === Further reading === “gazda”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026 == Slovak == === Etymology === Inherited from Old Slovak gazda, borrowed from Hungarian gazda, from a Slavic language; see Proto-Slavic *gostьpoda. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ɡazda/, [ˈɡazda] Rhymes: -azda Hyphenation: gaz‧da === Noun === gazda m pers (relational adjective gazdovský, diminutive gazdík or gazdíček or gazdíčko) host ==== Declension ==== === Further reading === “gazda”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2026