galva

== Latvian == === Etymology === From Proto-Balto-Slavic *galˀwā́ˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *golHwéh₂, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gelH- (whence also Latvian gals), ablauted to *gʷol- and with an extra suffix *-weh₂. The meaning evolution was probably 'point, spike, peak' > 'top part' > 'head'. Other, less convincing sources have been suggested (e.g., Proto-Indo-European *gʰel-). Close cognates include Lithuanian galvà, Proto-Slavic *golvà. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈɡɑ̂ɫva] === Noun === gal̂va f (4th declension) head (top or front of the body, where the brain is located) cilvēka, suņa, čūskas galva ― a human, dog's, snake's head galvas muskuļi ― head muscles pagriezt galvu ― to turn one's head pamāt ar galvu ― to nod one's head saņemt galvu rokās ― to take one's head in one's hands purināt, kratīt galvu ― to shake one's head galva sāp ― the head hurts galvas tabletes ― head(ache) tablets, pills hair, feathers (on the head) sirma galva ― gray hair mazgāt galvu ― to wash one's hair sukāt, ķemmēt galvu ― to brush, to comb one's hair galva balta kā ābele ― hair as white as an apple tree on, or around, the head (1) likt cepuri galvā ― to put a hat on one's head siet lakatu galvā ― to tie a scarf around one's head life riskēt ar savu galvu ― to gamble with one's head (= life) mind, intelligence, understanding, memory gaiša, gudra galva ― bright, smart head cilvēks ar galvu ― a person with head (= wise, intelligent) zināt no galvas ― to know (something) from the head (= by heart) rēķināt galvā ― to calculate in one's head paturēt skaidru galvu ― to keep a clear head (= remain calm) top (especially round) part of an object naglas, skrūves galva ― the head of a nail, a screw āmura, cirvja galva ― the head of a hammer, an axe authoritative person, boss, leader valdības galva ― the head of the government ģimenes galva ― the head of the family a person or animal as a counting unit septiņu galvu liela ģimene ― a family with seven heads (= members) ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== galvaspilsēta === References === == Lithuanian == === Etymology === From Proto-Balto-Slavic *galˀwā́ˀ. English gallows that produces semantic relation as head hung is derived from the another Proto-Indo-European root. === Pronunciation === (galvà) IPA(key): [ɡɐɫ̪ˈvɐ] (gálva) IPA(key): [ˈɡä̂ːɫ̪.vɐ] === Noun === galvà f (plural galvos) stress pattern 3 (anatomy) head (top part of the body) (figuratively) mind (intelligence, memory) Synonyms: prõtas (“mind”), aumuõ (“mind”), intelèktas (“intellect”), smẽgenys (“brain”) Ką turi̇̀ galvojè? ― What do you mean? (literally, “What do you have in mind?”) Kokià pirmà minti̇̀s atei̇̃na į̇̃ gálvą? ― What is the first thought that comes to mind? Ji̇̀s tùri labai̇̃ gẽrą gálvą. ― He has a very good mind [memory, intelligence]. Tókias minti̇̀s rei̇̃kia mèsti i̇̀š galvõs. ― Such thoughts need to be put out of one's mind. leader, chief (person in charge, with authority) Synonyms: vãdas, vadõvas, lýderis, vir̃šininkas, vyresnỹsis šeimõs galvà ― the head of the family ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== galvóti (“to think”) === References === “galva”, in Lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of the Lithuanian language], lkz.lt, 1941–2026