frost

== English == === Alternative forms === froste (obsolete) === Etymology === From Middle English frost, from an unmetathesized variant of Old English forst (“frost”), from Proto-Germanic *frustaz (“frost”), from Proto-Indo-European *prews- (“to freeze; frost”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Froast, Fröäst (“frost”), West Frisian froast (“frost”), Cimbrian bròst, vrost, vròst (“frost”), Dutch vorst (“frost”), German Frost (“frost”), Luxembourgish Frascht (“frost”), Vilamovian fröst (“frost”), Danish, Faroese, Icelandic, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, Swedish frost (“frost”), Latin pruīna (“hoarfrost, frost, rime, snow”). Related to freeze. === Pronunciation === (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /fɹɒst/ (General American) IPA(key): /fɹɔst/ (cot–caught merger) IPA(key): /fɹɑst/ Rhymes: -ɒst, -ɔːst === Noun === frost (countable and uncountable, plural frosts) A cover of minute ice crystals on objects that are exposed to the air. Frost is formed by the same process as dew, except that the temperature of the frosted object is below freezing. The cold weather that causes these ice crystals to form. (figurative) Coldness or insensibility; severity or rigidity of character. (obsolete) The act of freezing; the congelation of water or other liquid. A shade of white, like that of frost. (slang, dated) A disappointment; a cheat. (television) A kind of light diffuser. ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Translations ==== === Verb === frost (third-person singular simple present frosts, present participle frosting, simple past and past participle frosted) (transitive) To cover with frost. (intransitive) To become covered with frost. (transitive) To coat (something, e.g. a cake) with icing to resemble frost. (transitive, informal) To anger or annoy. (transitive) To sharpen (the points of a horse's shoe) to prevent it from slipping on ice. (transitive) To bleach individual strands of hair while leaving adjacent strands untouched. ==== Derived terms ==== froster frosting ==== Translations ==== === Anagrams === forts, frots == Danish == === Etymology === From Old Norse frost. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /frɔst/, [fʁ̥ʌsd̥] === Noun === frost c (singular definite frosten, not used in plural form) frost ==== Declension ==== === References === “frost” in Den Danske Ordbog == Icelandic == === Etymology === From Old Norse frost. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /frɔst/ Rhymes: -ɔst === Noun === frost n (genitive singular frosts, nominative plural frost) frost ==== Declension ==== === See also === kuldi == Middle English == === Alternative forms === forst, froste, vrost, frosst, freost === Etymology === From Old English frost, forst, from Proto-West Germanic *frost, from Proto-Germanic *frustaz, *frustą; akin to Middle Dutch vorst, Middle High German vrost, Middle Low German vrost, and Old Swedish frost. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /frɔst/, /fɔrst/ === Noun === frost (plural frostes) Cold or freezing weather; weather causing frost. Frost or rime; frozen dew or water droplets. Hail; precipitation below freezing temperature. (rare, figurative) Something with a chilling effect. ==== Derived terms ==== frosty ==== Descendants ==== English: frost Scots: frost Yola: vrosth, vroste, vrast ==== References ==== “frost, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 31 October 2018. == Norwegian Bokmål == === Etymology === From Old Norse frost n. === Noun === frost m (definite singular frosten) frost ==== Derived terms ==== barfrost frostsikker frostvæske rimfrost === References === “frost” in The Bokmål Dictionary. == Norwegian Nynorsk == === Etymology === From Old Norse frost n. === Noun === frost m (definite singular frosten) frost ==== Derived terms ==== frostsikker frostvæske rimfrost === References === “frost” in The Nynorsk Dictionary. == Old English == === Noun === frost m alternative form of forst, produced by metathesis == Old High German == === Etymology === From Proto-Germanic *frustą, *frustaz, akin to Old English frost, Old Norse frost. === Noun === frost m frost ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== gruntfrost ==== Descendants ==== Middle High German: vrost Cimbrian: vròst, bròst, vrost German: Frost Luxembourgish: Frascht Vilamovian: fröst == Old Norse == === Etymology === From Proto-Germanic *frustą, *frustaz, akin to Old English frost, Old High German frost. === Noun === frost n frost ==== Descendants ==== Icelandic: frost Faroese: frost, frostur m (masculine is archaic) Norwegian: frost Old Swedish: frost Swedish: frost Danish: frost === Further reading === Zoëga, Geir T. (1910), “frost”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive == Swedish == === Etymology === From Old Norse frost, from Proto-Germanic *frustą, *frustaz. === Pronunciation === === Noun === frost c frost ==== Declension ==== ==== See also ==== köld === References === frost in Svensk ordbok (SO) frost in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL) frost in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB) === Anagrams === forst-, forts