etiam

== Interlingua == === Etymology === Borrowed from Latin etiam. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈe.tsjam/ === Adverb === etiam also, too == Latin == === Alternative forms === &̄ (abbreviation, Medieval Latin) === Etymology === Univerbation of et (“and, also”) +‎ iam (“now, already”). === Pronunciation === (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈɛ.ti.ãː] (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈɛt.t͡si.am] === Adverb === etiam (not comparable) (in general) and also, and furthermore, also, too, likewise, besides Aulus Gellius, Attic Nights, 4.2. (in particular): (to annex a more important idea) and even, nay, even (frequently after negative sentences, for immo or potius) nay, rather, even (frequently with comparatives for the sake of intensity, in later Latin replaced by adhūc) yet, still (rare) with an adjective in the comparative degree, in contrast with that adjective’s own positive degree (with the demonstrative notion of the iam predominating, used as an affirmative) certainly, granted, by all means, yes indeed, yes (with the idea of time predominating) yet, as yet, even yet, still, even now (with negatives) not yet, never yet (in familiar language, in interrogations, especially when made indignantly) akin to what? pray? (in familiar language, with imperatives) again, once more in impatient questions ==== Usage notes ==== Etiam annexes a fact or thought to that which has already been said. ==== Synonyms ==== (in general: and also, too): quoque ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== Judeo-Italian: אֵיצִיאַה (ʔeṣiʔah /⁠ezia⁠/) →? Esperanto: eĉ (learned) → Interlingua: etiam (learned) ⇒ Italian: eziandio (etiam + diū) === References === “ĕtĭam”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press “etiam”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers “etiam”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette. Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎[1], London: Macmillan and Co. etiam in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)), Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016