espier

== English == === Etymology === From espy +‎ -er. === Noun === espier (plural espiers) One who espies. === References === “espier”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC. === Anagrams === Peirse, Pierse, peries == Middle French == === Verb === espier to watch ==== Conjugation ==== Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive. == Old French == === Alternative forms === aspier espeier, espoier === Etymology === From Vulgar Latin *spiō (“to spy, espy”), from Frankish *spehōn (“to spy, watch”). === Verb === espier to watch ==== Conjugation ==== This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide. ==== Synonyms ==== esguarder reguarder ==== Related terms ==== espie ==== Descendants ==== Angevin: échaupier Bourbonnais-Berrichon: épiger (Berrichon, Bourbonnais) Middle French: espier French: épier Haitian Creole: espyon Lorrain: h'pié, khpiyé, khpwé Norman: êpier Picard: èpieu (Athois) Walloon: spwè → Middle English: aspien, aspyen, espien, espyen, spien English: aspy, espy, spy Scots: aspy, espy, spy → Welsh: sbio, ysbïo