esfreer

== Old French == === Alternative forms === esfreder (archaic) esfreier, effreer, esfrer, esfroier, effroier afrayer, affraer, affraier === Etymology === Inherited from Vulgar Latin *exfridāre. Attested in the Passion du Christ. === Pronunciation === (archaic) IPA(key): /esfɾeˈðeːɾ/ (classical) IPA(key): /efɾe(j)ˈeːɾ/, /-ojˈeːɾ/, /a-/ === Verb === esfreer (transitive) to scare; to frighten (reflexive, s'esfreer) to be scared; to be afraid ==== Conjugation ==== This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. This verb has a stressed present stem esfroi distinct from the unstressed stem esfre. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide. ==== Descendants ==== Middle French: effrayer, effraer, effreer, effroyer French: effrayer Norman: affrayer Picard: effrayeu, èfroûyeu (Athois) Walloon: èwarer (Liégeois), sibarer, esbarer, sbarer Middle English: affrayen, affraien; affrayed, affraied (pp.) English: affray; afraid === References === Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “*exfrĭdare”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 3: D–F, page 293