epistemic

== English == === Etymology === From Ancient Greek ἐπιστήμη (epistḗmē, “knowledge; science”) + English -ic (suffix meaning of or pertaining to forming adjectives from nouns) (compare modern Greek επιστημικός (epistimikós, “relating to science, scientific”)). Ἐπιστήμη (Epistḗmē) is derived from ἐπῐ́στᾰμαι (epĭ́stămai, “to have knowledge of, know”) (from ἐπῐ- (epĭ-, prefix meaning ‘all over; on, on top of’) + ῐ̔́στημῐ (hĭ́stēmĭ, “to stand; to weigh”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand (up)”))) + -η (-ē, suffix forming action nouns). === Pronunciation === (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˌɛpɪˈstiːmɪk/, /-ˈstɛ-/ (General American) IPA(key): /ˌɛpəˈstimɪk/, /-ˈstɛ-/ Rhymes: -iːmɪk, -ɛmɪk Hyphenation: epi‧stem‧ic === Adjective === epistemic (not comparable) (philosophy) Of or relating to cognition or knowledge, its scope, or how it is acquired. [from early 19th c.] Antonym: nonepistemic (by extension, linguistics) Of or relating to how cognition or knowledge is expressed in language. Antonym: deontic (philosophy) Of or relating to epistemology (“the branch of philosophy dealing with the study of knowledge”); epistemologic or epistemological. ==== Usage notes ==== Philosophers differentiate the meanings of epistemic and epistemological. Broadly, epistemic means “relating to knowledge itself” (see sense 1), and epistemological means “relating to the study or theory of various aspects of knowledge”. Nonetheless, in general usage epistemic is also sometimes used as a synonym of epistemological (see sense 3) and vice versa, and thus the terms epistemic crisis, epistemologic crisis, and epistemological crisis are synonymous, referring to a crisis of community members with an impaired level of shared perceptions of reality, that is, an excessive level of disagreement on what is real or fake, or what is existing or illusory. ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== ==== Translations ==== === References ===