environ

== English == === Pronunciation === (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ɪnˈvaɪɹən/, /ɛn-/ (General American) IPA(key): /ɪnˈvaɪ(ə)ɹən/, /ɛn-/ Rhymes: -aɪɹən Hyphenation: en‧vir‧on === Etymology 1 === From Middle English enviroun (“round about in a circle or ring; all around”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman enviroun, environ [and other forms], and Middle French enviroun, environ [and other forms], from Old French environ (“around, surrounding; about, approximately, roughly”) (modern French environ), from en- (prefix meaning ‘in; into’) + viron (“circuit; circumference, compass; country round about”) (though first attested later) (from virer (“to bear, turn, veer”) (either from Latin gȳrō (“to turn in a circle, rotate; to circle, revolve around”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“to bend, curve; an arch, vault”)), or from Latin vibrō (“to hurl, launch; shake; to tremble, vibrate”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *weyb-, *weyp- (“to shake; to tremble; to sway, swing; to rotate, turn, wind, wrap (around)”))) + -on (augmentative suffix)). ==== Adverb ==== environ (not comparable) (obsolete) In the neighbourhood; around. Synonyms: round, round about Almost, nearly. === Etymology 2 === From Middle English envirounen, enviroun (“to surround in a circle or ring, or on the perimeter; to beset, besiege; to cover, enclose, envelop; to provide a setting or surrounding to; to move in a circle; to move around the perimeter; to go, move, or wander about (a place); to fill or pervade (a place); to run all the way through”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman envirouner [and other forms], Middle French environner, and Old French environner (“to arrange in a circle; to circumnavigate, travel around; to traverse, wander around; to encircle, encompass, surround”) [and other forms] (modern French environner), from environ (adverb) (see etymology 1) + -er (suffix forming verbs). ==== Verb ==== environ (third-person singular simple present environs, present participle environing, simple past and past participle environed) (transitive) To encircle or surround (someone or something). Synonym: (obsolete) belay (often military) To encircle or surround (someone or something) so as to attack from all sides; to beset. Synonyms: beleaguer, besiege (heraldry, chiefly passive voice, obsolete) To encircle or surround (a heraldic element such as a charge or escutcheon (shield)). Synonyms: envelop, entwist, enwrap To cover, enclose, or envelop (someone or something). Synonym: (obsolete) belay Followed by from: to hide or shield (someone or something). (chiefly passive voice) Of a person: to be positioned or stationed around (someone or something) to attend to or protect them. (figuratively) Of a situation or state of affairs, especially danger or trouble: to happen to and affect (someone or something). (obsolete) To amount to or encompass (a space). To travel completely around (a place or thing); to circumnavigate. ===== Conjugation ===== ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Related terms ===== ===== Translations ===== === Etymology 3 === From Late Middle English invyroun, Middle English enuyroun, enuyrown, from Anglo-Norman enviroun, environ, envirun, and Middle French environ (“circumference; surroundings; (in the plural) boundaries, frontiers”) (chiefly in the plural) (modern French environ), a noun use of Old French environ (adverb): see etymology 1. ==== Noun ==== environ (plural environs) (archaic except in the plural, formal, also figuratively) A surrounding area or place (especially of an urban settlement); an environment. ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== === References === === Further reading === surroundings on Wikipedia.Wikipedia environ (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “environ”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC. “environ”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC. “environ”, in OneLook Dictionary Search. == French == === Etymology === Inherited from Old French environ (“around”), from en (“in”) +‎ viron (“a turn”), from virer (“to turn, veer”), whence also French virer. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ɑ̃.vi.ʁɔ̃/ === Adverb === environ about, close to, around === Noun === environ m (plural environs) (especially in plural) a surrounding area ==== Derived terms ==== aux environs de ==== Related terms ==== environnement === Further reading === “environ”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012 === Anagrams === innover == Middle French == === Adverb === environ about; around; roughly around == Occitan == === Pronunciation === === Adverb === environ about, around, approximately == Old French == === Alternative forms === envirun (Anglo-Norman) enveron === Etymology === Univerbation of en viron (“in circle”), the latter word ultimately from the verb virer (“to turn”). === Adverb === environ around surrounding about, roughly, approximately === References === Frédéric Godefroy (1880–1902), “environ”, in Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle […], Paris: F[riedrich] Vieweg; Émile Bouillon, →OCLC.