drug

== English == === Pronunciation === (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA(key): /ˈdɹʌɡ/, [ˈdɹ̝ʷʌɡ]; [ˈd̠ɹ̠˔ʷʌɡ] (Australian, New Zealand) IPA(key): /dɹɐɡ/ (Northern England) IPA(key): /dɹʊɡ/ (Scotland, Wales) IPA(key): /ˈdɾʌɡ/ Rhymes: -ʌɡ Hyphenation: drug === Etymology 1 === From Middle English drogge (“medicine”), from Middle French drogue, drocque (“tincture, pharmaceutical product”) (c. 1462), from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German droge, as in droge vate (“dry vats, dry barrels”), mistaking droge for the contents, which were usually dried herbs, plants or wares. Droge comes from Middle Dutch drōghe (“dry”), from Old Dutch drōgi (“dry”), from Proto-Germanic *draugiz (“dry, hard”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰerǵʰ- (“to strengthen; become hard or solid”), from *dʰer- (“to hold, hold fast, support”). Cognate with English dry, Dutch droog (“dry”), German trocken (“dry”). ==== Noun ==== drug (plural drugs) (pharmacology) A substance used to treat an illness, relieve a symptom, or modify a chemical process in the body for a specific purpose. Synonyms: see Thesaurus:pharmaceutical A psychoactive substance, especially one which is illegal and addictive, ingested for recreational use, such as cocaine. Synonyms: see Thesaurus:recreational drug (by extension) Anything, such as a substance, emotion, or action, to which one is addicted. Any commodity that lies on hand, or is not salable; an article of slow sale, or in no demand. (Canada, US, informal) Ellipsis of drugstore. ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Collocations ===== ===== Descendants ===== → Plautdietsch: Drogg → Welsh: drỳg ===== Translations ===== ==== Verb ==== drug (third-person singular simple present drugs, present participle drugging, simple past and past participle drugged) (transitive) To administer intoxicating drugs to, generally without the recipient's knowledge or consent. (transitive) To add intoxicating drugs to with the intention of drugging someone. (intransitive) To prescribe or administer drugs or medicines. (intransitive, rare) To use intoxicating drugs. ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== === Etymology 2 === Germanic ablaut formation. If old, a doublet of drew, from Middle English drug, drog, drugh, drogh, from Old English drōg, from Proto-Germanic *drōg; compare Dutch droeg, German trug, Swedish drog. If secondary, probably formed by analogy with dug. ==== Verb ==== drug (dialectal, chiefly US) simple past and past participle of drag ===== Usage notes ===== Random House says that drug is "nonstandard" as the past tense of drag. Merriam-Webster once ruled that drug in this construction was "illiterate" but have since upgraded it to "dialect". The lexicographers of New World, American Heritage, and Oxford make no mention of this sense. === Etymology 3 === ==== Noun ==== drug (plural drugs) (obsolete) A drudge. == Dutch == === Etymology === Borrowed from English drug. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): (Netherlands) /drʏk/, (Belgium) /drʏx/ Hyphenation: drug === Noun === drug m (plural drugs, no diminutive) (chiefly plural, which see) a recreational drug, psychoactive substance, especially when illegal and addictive ==== Derived terms ==== == Old Polish == === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *drȗgъ. First attested in the fifteenth century. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /druːk/ IPA(key): (15th CE) /druk/ === Noun === drug m animacy unattested (attested in Lesser Poland) friend Synonym: przyjaciel Antonym: wróg ==== Related terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== Polish: drug === References === Bożena Sieradzka-Baziur, et al., editors (2011–2015), “drug”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN == Romanian == === Etymology === Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian druga. === Noun === drug m (plural drugi) pole, stick ==== Declension ==== === References === == Serbo-Croatian == === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *drugъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *draugás, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewgʰ-. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /drûːɡ/ === Noun === drȗg m anim (Cyrillic spelling дру̑г) (Bosnia, Serbia, Montenegro) friend Synonyms: prijatelj, drugar, (slang, Croatia) frend (dated) comrade (commonly used in parts of Former Yugoslavia among coworkers or friends) Synonym: drugar ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== drugàrica drúga drȕgī drùžica === Further reading === “drug”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026 == Slovene == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /drúːk/ === Adjective === drȗg (not comparable) other, another, different ==== Declension ==== === See also === drúgi === Further reading === “drug”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2026 == Veps == === Etymology === From Russian друг (drug, “(male) friend”). === Noun === drug paramour (illicit lover) lover ==== Declension ====