diễn biến hoà bình

== Vietnamese == === Alternative forms === diễn biến hòa bình === Etymology === Literally, “Peaceful Unfolding”. Calque from Chinese 和平演變／和平演变 (hoà bình diễn biến), ultimately from English Peaceful Evolution , coined by John Foster Dulles. Peaceful Evolution literally translates to tiến hóa hòa bình ~ tiến hoá hoà bình, attested rarely and used by anti-Communist authors such as Trần Mai Trung; however, pro-Communist author Nguyễn Văn Toàn contends that Peaceful Evolution is a misnomer, hence its nonliteral Vietnamese translations diễn biến hoà bình and chuyển hoá hoà bình (Peaceful Unfolding and Peaceful Transformation, respectively, when back-translated literally into English). === Pronunciation === (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [ziən˦ˀ˥ ʔɓiən˧˦ hwaː˨˩ ʔɓïŋ˨˩] (Huế) IPA(key): [jiəŋ˧˨ ʔɓiəŋ˦˧˥ hwaː˦˩ ʔɓɨn˦˩] (Saigon) IPA(key): [jiəŋ˨˩˦ ʔɓiəŋ˦˥ waː˨˩ ʔɓɨn˨˩] === Noun === diễn biến hoà bình (politics) Peaceful Evolution lí thuyết diễn biến hoà bình ― Peaceful Evolution theory === See also === cách mạng màu === References ===