dare

== English == === Pronunciation === (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /dɛə/ (General American) IPA(key): /dɛ(ə)ɹ/ Homophones: Dair; dear, deer (both cheer–chair merger) Rhymes: -ɛə(ɹ) === Etymology 1 === From Middle English durren, from Old English durran, from Proto-West Germanic *durʀan, from Proto-Germanic *durzaną (“to dare”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰedʰórse (“to dare”), reduplicated stative of the root *dʰers- (“to be bold, to dare”), an *-s- extension of *dʰer- (“to hold, support”). ==== Verb ==== dare (third-person singular simple present dares or (modal) dare or (obsolete) dast, present participle daring, simple past and past participle dared or (obsolete) durst) (intransitive) To have enough courage (to do something). Synonym: venture (transitive) To defy or challenge (someone to do something). (transitive) To have enough courage to meet or do something, go somewhere, etc.; to face up to. (transitive) To terrify; to daunt. (archaic, transitive) To drive larks to the ground by scaring them (for instance, with mirrors or hawks) so they can be caught in nets. ===== Usage notes ===== Dare is a semimodal verb. When used as an auxiliary, the speaker can choose whether to use do-support and the auxiliary "to" when forming negative and interrogative sentences. For example, "I don't dare (to) go", "I dare not go", "I didn't dare (to) go", and "I dared not go" are all correct. Similarly "Dare you go?", "Do you dare (to) go?", "Dared you go?", and "Did you dare (to) go?" are all correct. When not an auxiliary verb, it is different: "I dared him to do it." usually is not written as "I dared him do it.", and "Did you dare him to do it?" is almost never written as "Dared you him do it?" In negative and interrogative sentences where "do" is not used, the third-person singular form of the verb is usually "dare" and not "dares": "Dare he go? He dare not go." Colloquially, "dare not" can be contracted to "daren't". According to the Cambridge Grammar of the English Language, "daren’t" is used occasionally in ordinary past time contexts (Kim daren’t tell them so I had to do it myself). Rare regional forms dassn't and dasn't also exist in the present tense, and archaic forms dursn't and durstn't in the past tense. The expression dare say, used almost exclusively in the first-person singular and in the present tense, means "think probable". It is also spelt daresay. Historically, the simple past of dare was durst. In the first half of the 19th century, it was overtaken by dared, which has been markedly more common ever since. ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== ===== See also ===== Appendix:English modal verbs ==== Noun ==== dare (plural dares) A challenge to prove courage. The quality of daring; venturesomeness; boldness. Defiance; challenge. (games) In the game truth or dare, the choice to perform a dare set by the other players. ===== Derived terms ===== dairous dareful double dog dare ===== Translations ===== === Etymology 2 === From Middle English daren, from Old English darian. ==== Verb ==== dare (third-person singular simple present dares, present participle daring, simple past and past participle dared) (obsolete) To stare stupidly or vacantly; to gaze as though amazed or terrified. [16th c.] (obsolete) To lie or crouch down in fear. [16th c.] === Etymology 3 === ==== Noun ==== dare (plural dares) A small fish, the dace === References === === Anagrams === 'eard, Dear, Rade, Read, Reda, ared, dear, rade, read == Crimean Tatar == === Pronunciation === Hyphenation: da‧re === Noun === dare (music) tambourine ==== Declension ==== === References === “dare”, in Luğatçıq (in Russian) == Czech == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈdarɛ] === Noun === dare vocative singular of dar == French == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /daʁ/ === Interjection === dare quick ==== Related terms ==== dare-dare == Italian == === Alternative forms === dar (apocopic) === Etymology === Inherited from Latin dare, from Proto-Italic *didō, from Proto-Indo-European *dédeh₃ti, from the root *deh₃- (“give”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈda.re/ Rhymes: -are Hyphenation: dà‧re === Verb === dàre (first-person singular present (with syntactic gemination after the verb) dò, first-person singular past historic dièdi or diédi or détti or (traditional) dètti, past participle dàto, first-person singular future darò, first-person singular subjunctive dìa, first-person singular imperfect subjunctive déssi, second-person singular imperative dài or dà', auxiliary avére) (transitive) to give (to transfer the possession/holding of something to someone else) to yield, to bear, to produce, to return (ditransitive) to name, to call, to refer to [with del ‘as’, along with a or a dative pronoun ‘to (someone)’] il bue che dà del cornuto all'asino ― the pot calling the kettle black (literally, “the ox calling the donkey horned”) dare del tu ― to thou (transitive, vulgar, slang) chiefly in the form darla: acquiesce to a sexual intercourse ==== Usage notes ==== It is customary to write a grave accent on some forms of the indicative present, to distinguish them from homographs: optionally dò (I give), contrasting with do (“C musical note”) rarely dài (you give), contrasting with dai (“from the”) compulsory dà (he/she/it gives), contrasting with da (“from”) rarely dànno (they give), contrasting with danno (damage) The imperative forms of the second-person singular are compounded with pronouns as follows: da' + ci → dacci ... + lo → daccelo ... + la → dacceli ... + le → daccele ... + ne → daccene da' + gli → dagli da' + gli/le + la → dagliela da' + gli/le + le → dagliele da' + gli/le + li → daglieli da' + gli/le + lo → daglielo da' + gli/le + ne → dagliene da' + le → dalle da' + mi → dammi ... + lo → dammelo ... + la → dammeli ... + le → dammele ... + ne → dammene ==== Conjugation ==== Including lesser-used forms: ==== Derived terms ==== === Noun === dare m (uncountable) (accounting) debit Coordinate term: avere (“credit”) === References === === Further reading === dare1 in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana dare2 in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana === Anagrams === arde, rade, reda == Japanese == === Romanization === dare Rōmaji transcription of だれ == Latin == === Pronunciation === (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈda.rɛ] (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈdaː.re] === Verb === dare inflection of dō: present active infinitive second-person singular present passive imperative == Leonese == === Etymology === From Latin dare, from Proto-Italic *didō, from Proto-Indo-European *dédeh₃ti, from the root *deh₃- (“give”). === Verb === dare to give === References === “dare”, in Diccionario Castellano-Leonés / Leonés-Castellano [Spanish-Leonese / Leonese-Spanish Dictionary] (in Spanish), La Asociación L'Alderique, 2012–2026 == Norman == === Etymology === (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) === Noun === dare ? (plural dares) (continental, anatomy) belly, stomach ==== Synonyms ==== ventre (Jersey, Guernsey), vãtr (Sark) == Old English == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈdɑ.re/ === Noun === dare inflection of daru: nominative plural accusative singular/plural genitive/dative singular == Romanian == === Etymology === From da +‎ -re. === Noun === dare f (plural dări) giving tax ==== Declension ==== == Serbo-Croatian == === Noun === dare (Cyrillic spelling даре) vocative singular of dȃr == Slovak == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /dare/, [ˈdare] Rhymes: -are Hyphenation: da‧re === Noun === dare m locative singular of dar == Venetan == === Etymology === From Latin dare. === Verb === dare to give === References === [4] == West Makian == === Etymology === May be related to Ternate doro. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈd̪a.re/ === Verb === dare (transitive) to fall (from a height) ==== Conjugation ==== === References === James Collins (1982), Further Notes Towards a West Makian Vocabulary‎[5], Pacific linguistics == Zazaki == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /dɑˈɾə/ Hyphenation: da‧re === Noun === dare f tree