cringe

== English == === Etymology === The verb is derived from Middle English crengen (“to bend in a haughty manner; to condescend”) [and other forms], from Old English *crenġan, *crenċġan, *crenċan (“to cause to fall or turn”) from Proto-Germanic *krangijaną (“to cause to fall; to cause to turn”), causative of Proto-Germanic *kringaną, *krinkaną (“to fall; to turn; to yield”) (> Old English crin(c)gan (“to yield; to cringe; to fall; to die, perish”)), from Proto-Indo-European *grenǵʰ- (“to turn”)). The causative suffix is from *-janą (suffix forming causatives with the sense ‘to cause to do (the action of the verb)’ from strong verbs). The English word is cognate with Danish krænge (“to turn inside out, evert”), Dutch krengen (“to careen, veer”) and Dutch kring (“circle”), Scots crenge, creenge, creinge, crienge (“to cringe; to shrug”), Swedish kränga (“to careen; to heel, lurch; to toss”), and West Frisian kringe (“to pinch; to poke; to push; to insist, urge”); and is a doublet of crinkle. The noun and adjective are derived from the verb via zero derivation. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈkɹɪnd͡ʒ/, [ˈkʰɹʷɪnd͡ʒ] Rhymes: -ɪndʒ Hyphenation: cringe === Verb === cringe (third-person singular simple present cringes, present participle cringing, simple past and past participle cringed) (intransitive) To cower, flinch, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear. (intransitive, figuratively) To experience an inward feeling of disgust, embarrassment, or fear; (by extension) to feel very embarrassed. (intransitive) To bow or crouch in servility. (intransitive, figuratively) To act in an obsequious or servile manner. (transitive, obsolete) To draw (a body part) close to the body; also, to distort or wrinkle (the face, etc.). (transitive, obsolete) To bow or crouch to (someone) in servility; to escort (someone) in a cringing manner. ==== Conjugation ==== ==== Alternative forms ==== crinch (dialectal) ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Translations ==== ==== See also ==== crouch wince === Noun === cringe (countable and uncountable, plural cringes) (countable) A gesture or posture of cringing (recoiling or shrinking). (countable, figuratively) An act or disposition of servile obeisance. (countable, UK, dialectal) A crick (“painful muscular cramp or spasm of some part of the body”). (uncountable, slang, derogatory) Things, particularly online content, which would cause an onlooker to cringe from secondhand embarrassment. ==== Derived terms ==== cringe de la cringe millennial cringe ==== Translations ==== === Adjective === cringe (comparative more cringe, superlative most cringe) (slang, derogatory) Synonym of cringeworthy or uncool, inducing awkwardness or secondhand embarrassment. ==== Translations ==== === Interjection === cringe (slang, derogatory) Stated in response to something cringeworthy. === Descendants === → Arabic: كْرِنْج (krinj) (slang) → Armenian: քրինջ (kʻrinǰ) (slang) → Belarusian: крынж (krynž), крындж (kryndž) (slang) → Bengali: ক্রিঞ্জ (krinjo) (slang) → Bulgarian: криндж (krindž) (slang) → Georgian: ქრინჯ (krinǯ) (slang) → German: cringe, Cringe (slang) → Greek: κριντζ (krintz) (slang) → Hebrew: קרינג׳ (krinj), קרינצ׳ (krinch), קרינץ׳ (krinch) (slang) → Italian: cringe (slang) → Japanese: クリンジ (kurinji) (slang) → Lithuanian: krindžas (slang) → Polish: cringe, krindż (slang) → Portuguese: cringe (slang) → Romanian: cringe (slang) → Russian: кринж (krinž) (slang) → Serbo-Croatian: Latin script: krindž (slang) Cyrillic script: кринџ (slang) → Spanish: cringe (slang) → Swedish: cringe (slang) → Tamil: கிரிஞ்சு (kiriñcu) (slang) → Thai: ครินจ์, คริ้นจ์ (slang) → Turkish: krınj (slang) → Ukrainian: криндж (kryndž), крінж (krinž) (slang) === Notes === === References === === Anagrams === cering, genric, rec'ing == Dutch == === Etymology === Unadapted borrowing from English cringe. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /krɪndʒ/ Rhymes: -ɪndʒ === Adjective === cringe (used only predicatively, not comparable) (youth slang) cringe, cringeworthy Synonym: tenenkrommend De hele speech was echt ziek cringe. ― The entire speech was totally cringe. == French == === Etymology === Unadapted borrowing from English cringe. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /kʁin(d)ʒ/ === Noun === cringe m or f by sense (plural cringes) (neologism, Internet slang, colloquial) cringe === Adjective === cringe (plural cringes) (neologism, Internet slang, colloquial) cringe == German == === Etymology === Unadapted borrowing from English cringe. === Pronunciation === === Adjective === cringe (indeclinable, predicative only) (neologism, chiefly youth slang) cringe, cringeworthy ==== Related terms ==== cringen Cringe === Further reading === “cringe”, in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache‎[12] (in German) “cringe” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon == Italian == === Etymology === Unadapted borrowing from English cringe. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈkrind͡ʒ/ Rhymes: -indʒ === Noun === cringe m (invariable) (neologism, slang) cringe === Adjective === cringe (invariable, superlative cringissimo) (neologism, slang) cringy ==== Derived terms ==== cringiata == Polish == === Alternative forms === krindż === Etymology === Unadapted borrowing from English cringe. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈkrint͡ʂ/ Rhymes: -int͡ʂ Syllabification: cringe Homophone: krindż === Noun === cringe m inan (slang) cringe, cringeworthiness (awkwardness or embarrassment which causes an onlooker to cringe) Synonyms: obciach, przypał, siara ==== Declension ==== === Further reading === cringe at Obserwatorium językowe Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego == Portuguese == === Etymology === Unadapted borrowing from English cringe in Portugal. Brazil has adapted the pronunciation. === Pronunciation === Rhymes: (Brazil) -ĩʒi, (Portugal) -ĩdʒ Homophone: (Brazil) crinje Hyphenation: crin‧ge === Noun === cringe m (uncountable) (chiefly Internet slang) cringe (content that embarrasses onlookers) === Adjective === cringe m or f (plural cringes) (chiefly Internet slang) cringeworthy ==== Derived terms ==== ==== See also ==== == Romanian == === Etymology === Unadapted borrowing from English cringe. === Noun === cringe m (uncountable) (neologism) cringe (something that is so awkward or embarrassing that it's almost unbearable to watch or experience) ==== Declension ==== === Adjective === cringe m or f or n (indeclinable) (neologism) cringe (something that is so awkward or embarrassing that it's almost unbearable to watch or experience) ==== Declension ==== == Spanish == === Etymology === Borrowed from English cringe. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈkɾint͡ʃ/ [ˈkɾĩnʲt͡ʃ] Rhymes: -intʃ IPA(key): /ˈkɾinxe/ [ˈkɾĩŋ.xe] Rhymes: -inxe === Noun === cringe m (plural cringe) (neologism, slang) cringe === Adjective === cringe m or f (masculine and feminine plural cringes) (neologism, slang) cringe ==== Usage notes ==== According to Royal Spanish Academy (RAE) prescriptions, unadapted foreign words should be written in italics in a text printed in roman type, and vice versa, and in quotation marks in a manuscript text or when italics are not available. In practice, this RAE prescription is not always followed. === Further reading === Seco, Manuel; Andrés, Olimpia; Ramos, Gabino (2023), “cringe”, in Diccionario del español actual [Dictionary of Current Spanish] (in Spanish), third digital edition, Fundación BBVA “cringe”, in FundéuRAE (Fundación del Español Urgente) [Foundation of Urgent Spanish] (in Spanish), Agencia EFE; Real Academia Española, 6 July 2021 == Swedish == === Adjective === cringe (comparative mer cringe, superlative mest cringe, indeclinable) (slang) cringe ==== See also ==== pinig pinsam sekundärskam skämskudde === References === Slangopedia