crincgan

== Old English == === Etymology === Possibly just an alternative spelling of the strong verb cringan, with ⟨ncg⟩ for ⟨ng⟩ [ŋɡ]. Although the digraph ⟨cg⟩ was most frequently seen as a spelling of the palatal affricate [d͡ʒ] in Old English, there are also clear examples of it being used for the geminate velar plosive [ɡɡ], as in docga. It may have sometimes been used for [ɡ] after a nasal because this was the only context aside from gemination where the plosive [ɡ] was used in Early Old English (the letter ⟨g⟩ in most contexts represented either a velar fricative [ɣ], as in dagas, or a palatal glide [j], as in dæġes). Compare the occasional use of ⟨cg⟩ in forms ending in the suffix -ung, such as ⟨becnuncge⟩, which would not be expected to have developed [d͡ʒ]. Alternatively, if ⟨ncg⟩ here represented an alternative pronunciation with [nd͡ʒ], this may have developed by blending of the original strong verb Old English cringan and the original weak causative counterpart *crenġan, *crenċġan, from Proto-Germanic *kringaną and *krangijaną respectively. Compare Old Frisian krenza, krinza (“to harm”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈkrin.ɡɑn/, [ˈkriŋ.ɡɑn] === Verb === crincgan alternative form of cringan ==== Conjugation ==== ==== Descendants ==== Middle English: *crinchen, crenchen, crengen (merged with descendants of *crenċġan) English: cringe