civil

== English == === Etymology === From Middle English cyvyl, civil, borrowed from Old French civil, from Latin cīvīlis (“relating to a citizen”), from cīvis (“citizen”). Cognate with Old English hīwen (“household”), hīrǣden (“family”). More at hind; hird. (polite): Compare typologically urbane (<< Latin urbs), courteous (akin to court). === Pronunciation === enPR: ʹsĭv-əl (Received Pronunciation, General American, Canada, General Australian) IPA(key): /ˈsɪv.əl/ Rhymes: -ɪvəl === Adjective === civil (comparative more civil or civiler, superlative most civil or civilest) (not comparable) Having to do with people and government office as opposed to the military or religion. (comparable) Behaving in a reasonable or polite manner; avoiding displays of hostility. Antonyms: anti-civil, impolite, inconsiderate, noncivil, rude (archaic) In a peaceful and well-ordered state. (law) Relating to private relations among citizens, as opposed to criminal matters. Secular. Synonyms: nonreligious, temporal, worldy; see also Thesaurus:secular ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== civic civilization ==== Descendants ==== → Japanese: シビル (shibiru) ==== Translations ==== === References === “civil”, in OneLook Dictionary Search. civil in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018. William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin Eli Smith, editors (1895–1910), “civil”, in The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia: […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC. === Anagrams === clivi == Asturian == === Etymology === Borrowed from Latin cīvīlis. === Adjective === civil (epicene, plural civiles) civil, civilian ==== Derived terms ==== === References === "civil" in Diccionariu de la Llingua Asturiana == Catalan == === Etymology === Borrowed from Latin cīvīlis. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): (Northern, Central, Northwestern) [siˈβil] IPA(key): (Balearic, Valencia) [siˈvil] === Adjective === civil m or f (masculine and feminine plural civils) civil Antonym: incivil civilian Antonym: militar ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== civilitat === Noun === civil m or f by sense (plural civils) a member of the guàrdia civil === Noun === civil m (plural civils) (colloquial) a preserved sardine Synonym: arengada ==== Further reading ==== “civil”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007 == Chinese == === Etymology === From clipping of English civil engineering. === Pronunciation === === Noun === civil (Hong Kong Cantonese) civil engineering; civil engineer === References === English Loanwords in Hong Kong Cantonese == Cornish == === Etymology === Borrowed from English civil. === Adjective === civil civil === References === “civil” in Cornish Dictionary / Gerlyver Kernewek, Akademi Kernewek. == Czech == === Etymology === Borrowed from German Zivil. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈt͡sɪvɪl] === Noun === civil m anim (informal) civilian (non-military person) Synonym: civilista ==== Declension ==== ==== Related terms ==== === Further reading === “civil”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957 “civil”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989 == Danish == === Etymology === Borrowed from Latin cīvīlis. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /siˈviˀl/ === Adjective === civil civil (all senses), civilian ==== Inflection ==== ==== Derived terms ==== == French == === Etymology === Learned borrowing from Latin cīvīlis. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /si.vil/ Homophones: civile, civiles, civils === Adjective === civil (feminine civile, masculine plural civils, feminine plural civiles) civil (politics) lay civilian (literary) civil, courteous, polite Near-synonyms: courtois, poli ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== civique cité ==== Descendants ==== → Turkish: sivil → German: zivil, civil (obsolete)→ Hungarian: civil === Noun === civil m (plural civils, feminine civile) civilian === Further reading === “civil”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012 == Galician == === Etymology === Learned borrowing from Latin cīvīlis. === Adjective === civil m or f (plural civís) civil, civilian ==== Derived terms ==== guerra civil unión civil === Further reading === “civil”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2026 == Hungarian == === Etymology === Borrowed from German Zivil, from Latin cīvīlis (“relating to a citizen”), from cīvis (“citizen”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈt͡sivil] Hyphenation: ci‧vil Rhymes: -il === Adjective === civil (not comparable) civilian (not related to the military, police or other governmental professions) Synonym: polgári civil szervezet ― non-governmental organization polgárháború ― civil war ==== Declension ==== === Noun === civil (plural civilek) civilian (a person following the pursuits of civil life, especially one who is not an active member of the armed forces) ==== Declension ==== === References === === Further reading === civil in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN. civil in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2026). == Interlingua == === Adjective === civil (not comparable) civil, civilian (not associated with the armed forces) == Norman == === Etymology === Borrowed from Latin cīvīlis, from cīvis (“citizen”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱey- (“to lie down, settle; home, family; love; beloved”). === Adjective === civil m (Jersey) polite (Jersey) civil ==== Derived terms ==== dgèrre civile == Occitan == === Etymology === Borrowed from Latin cīvīlis. === Pronunciation === === Adjective === civil m (feminine singular civila, masculine plural civils, feminine plural civilas) civil ==== Derived terms ==== guèrra civila == Portuguese == === Etymology === Borrowed from Latin cīvīlis (“civil”), from cīvis (“citizen”). Doublet of cível. === Pronunciation === Rhymes: (Portugal) -il, (Brazil) -iw Hyphenation: ci‧vil === Adjective === civil m or f (plural civis) civil; civilian (not relating to the military or clergy) Se não quiser levar um tiro, use roupas civis. ― If you don’t want to be shot, use civilian clothing. civic (relating to citizens) Synonym: cívico Antonym: militar Deves cumprir tua obrigação civil. ― You must perform your civic duty. (law) relating to civil law Synonym: cível Antonym: criminal Estudo direito civil. ― I study civil law. occurring between the inhabitants of the same country Guerra civil. ― Civil war. civil (behaving in a reasonable or polite manner) Synonyms: civilizado, cortês, educado, polido Antonyms: deseducado, grosseiro, deselegante, feio Seja mais civil e pare de criticar as pessoas. ― Be more civil and stop criticising people. ==== Derived terms ==== === Noun === civil m or f by sense (plural civis) civilian, non-combatant (person who is not a member of the military, police or belligerent group) ==== Derived terms ==== === Further reading === “civil”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026 “civil”, in Dicionário inFormal (in Portuguese), 2006–2026 “civil” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913 “civil”, in Dicionário infopédia da Lingua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2026 “civil”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2026, →ISBN “civil”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026 == Romanian == === Alternative forms === țivil — archaic and popular === Etymology === Borrowed from French civil, Latin cīvīlis. === Adjective === civil m or n (feminine singular civilă, masculine plural civili, feminine/neuter plural civile) civil ==== Declension ==== === Noun === civil m (plural civili) civilian ==== Declension ==== === Related terms === == Serbo-Croatian == === Etymology === Borrowed from German Zivil. === Noun === cìvīl m anim (Cyrillic spelling цѝвӣл) civilian (not related to the military armed forces) ==== Declension ==== == Spanish == === Etymology === Borrowed from Latin cīvīlis (“civil, civic”), from cīvis (“citizen”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /θiˈbil/ [θiˈβ̞il] (Equatorial Guinea, Spain) IPA(key): /siˈbil/ [siˈβ̞il] (Latin America, Philippines) Rhymes: -il Syllabification: ci‧vil Homophone: (Latin America) sibil === Adjective === civil m or f (masculine and feminine plural civiles, superlative civilísimo) civil (all senses) ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== → Tagalog: sibil === Further reading === “civil”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025 == Swedish == === Etymology === Borrowed from Latin cīvīlis. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /sɪˈviːl/ === Adjective === civil civil, civilian; having to do with people and organizations outside military or police, sometimes also outside religion or team-based activities, such as a professional sports team (nominalized, chiefly in the plural) a civilian ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== civilperson (“civilian”) civilstånd (“marital status”) === References === “civil”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish) “civil”, in Svenska Akademiens ordlista [Wordlist of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish) “civil”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)