ciągnąć

== Old Polish == === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tęgnǫti. First attested in 1396. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /t͡ɕʲɑ̃ɡnɑ̃t͡ɕʲ/ IPA(key): (15th CE) /t͡ɕʲɑ̃ɡnɑ̃t͡ɕʲ/ === Verb === ciągnąć impf (attested in Sieradz-Łęczyca, Lesser Poland, Greater Poland) to pull, to draw, to drag (to apply a force to an object such that it comes toward the person or thing applying the force) [with accusative ‘whom/what’; or with instrumental ‘what’; or with w (+ locative) ‘in what’] ciągnąć losy (hapax) ― to draw lots ciągnąć łęczysko ― to draw a bow (intransitive, attested in Greater Poland, Masovia, Lesser Poland) to go, to set off, to head [with do (+ genitive) ‘to where’; or with ku (+ dative) ‘to what’; or with na (+ accusative) ‘onto/to what’; or with w (+ accusative) ‘into what’; or with przeciw (+ dative) ‘against whom’; or with przez (+ accusative) ‘through whom’] (transitive, attested in Greater Poland, Masovia, law) to sue to court, to appeal [with do (+ genitive) ‘to what’; or with po (+ accusative) ‘for what’] (reflexive with się, attested in Greater Poland, hapax legomenon) to come into possession of (reflexive with się, hapax legomenon) to stretch (reflexive with się, hapax legomenon) to extend, to stretch out ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== Polish: ciągnąć, ciognąć (“to lead, to guide”) (Central Greater Poland, Poznań, Oborniki) Silesian: ciōngnōńć, ciōngnyć === References === Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “ciągać”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “ciągnąć”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish) Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965), “ciągać, ciągnąć”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego Krystyna Długosz-Kurczabowa (2021), “ciężki”, in Wielki słownik etymologiczno-historyczny języka polskiego, →ISBN K. Nitsch, editor (1954), “ciągnąć, ciągnąć się”, in Słownik staropolski (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw: Polish Academy of Sciences, page 284 B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “ciągnąć, ciągnąć się”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN Ewa Deptuchowa, Mariusz Frodyma, Katarzyna Jasińska-Różycka, Magdalena Klapper, Tomasz Kolowca, Dorota Kołodziej, Mariusz Leńczuk, Joanna Duska, Maria Bugajska, Jan German, Beata Hejmo, Iwona Nobis, Dariusz Piwowarczyk, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, editors (2024), “ciągnąć”, in Baza Leksykalna Średniowiecznej Polszczyzny [Lexical Base of Medieval Polish] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk Ewa Deptuchowa, Mariusz Frodyma, Katarzyna Jasińska-Różycka, Magdalena Klapper, Tomasz Kolowca, Dorota Kołodziej, Mariusz Leńczuk, Joanna Duska, Maria Bugajska, Jan German, Beata Hejmo, Iwona Nobis, Dariusz Piwowarczyk, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, editors (2024), “ciągnąć się”, in Baza Leksykalna Średniowiecznej Polszczyzny [Lexical Base of Medieval Polish] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk == Polish == === Alternative forms === ciognąć (“to lead, to guide”) (Central Greater Poland, Poznań, Oborniki) === Etymology === Inherited from Old Polish ciągnąć. === Pronunciation === Rhymes: -ɔŋɡnɔɲt͡ɕ Syllabification: ciąg‧nąć === Verb === ciągnąć impf (transitive) to pull, to drag, to draw (to cause an object to move in the same direction by moving) Antonyms: pchać, popychać (transitive) to pull, to draw (to try to make something move in a specific direction by grabbing it and using force) [with za (+ accusative) ‘by what’] (transitive) to pull, to pull out; to get out (to bring something to the surface or out) Synonyms: wyciągać, wydobywać (transitive) to pull; to stretch (to lengthen something by holding it and with effort directing it towards yourself) [with instrumental ‘with what’; or with do (+ genitive) ‘to/towards what’] Synonym: rozciągać (transitive) to draw (to randomly select one of many while playing or making a decision) [with z (+ genitive) ‘from what’] Synonym: losować ciągnąć losy ― to draw lots (transitive) to drag (to persuade someone to go to a specific place against their will) (transitive) to pull (to cause someone to feel a strong desire to do something or be with someone) [with do (+ genitive) ‘to what’] (transitive) to carry on, to keep; to extend (to do something that was started but later stopped) Synonym: kontynuować (transitive) to extend, toi draw out (to prolong singing the same sound, e.g. a note or vowel) (transitive) to pull; to stretch (to build or arrange so as to connect two points in space) Synonym: przeprowadzać (transitive) to pull, to draw (to feed something through cables from somewhere) Synonym: doprowadzać (transitive) to draw (to drink by sucking liquid through a small hole or holes) [with przez (+ accusative) ‘through what’; or with z (+ genitive) ‘from what’] (intransitive) to head (to move in some direction in a large group one behind the other) (transitive, in the third person) to stretch; to pull (to cause pain associated with strong stretching of e.g. muscles) (transitive, metallurgy) to draw (to plastically process metals by reducing the cross-section by moving a special tool through a hole; to produce wires, rods and pipes on drawing machines) (intransitive, colloquial) to pull through (to struggle to overcome financial or health problems) (transitive) to pull; to get; to take in (to obtain income in an unacceptable manner) [with z (+ genitive) ‘from whom/what’] (transitive, colloquial) to binge; to take in (to drink a lot, greedily or compulsively) [with z (+ genitive) ‘from what’] Synonyms: see Thesaurus:pić (transitive, colloquial) to use up; to pull in; to consume (to deplete e.g. fuel) Synonym: zużywać (intransitive, in the third person) to draw (to be felt as a breeze coming from somewhere) [with instrumental ‘as what’] Synonyms: powiewać, zaciągać (transitive) to pull, to tug (to pull hard repeatedly e.g. hair) [with za (+ accusative) ‘by what’] Synonyms: pociągać, szarpać (transitive) to pull (to bend someone over with one's weight) Synonym: przechylać (intransitive) to be pulled to (to have an inclination towards something, to be inclined to something) (transitive) to draw near (to approach, to come closer) Synonym: nadciągać (transitive, metallurgy) to draw (to press vessels made of sheet metal or plastic) (transitive) to draw in (to absorb) Synonym: wchłaniać (transitive, colloquial, vulgar) to blow; to suck off (to give oral sex to a man) (transitive, colloquial, of a bicycle, car, etc.) to fly (to move quickly) (transitive, colloquial, drugs) to pull, to drag; to blow (to ingest nasally) Synonym: wciągać (transitive, colloquial, computing) to download Synonym: ściągać (intransitive, Wieleń) synonym of wędrować (intransitive, Western Kraków) to practice; to prepare oneself to be or become [with na (+ accusative) ‘to be or become whom’] ciągnąć na rajcę ― to prepare to become a councilman (transitive, Western Kraków) synonym of [[:usuwać#Polish|to remove a disease]] (transitive, Middle Polish or Masuria) synonym of lać (“to pour candles”) (intransitive, Northern Borderlands, Vilnius, fishing) synonym of wiosłować (transitive, obsolete) to draw (to smoke e.g. a pipe, cigarrete) (transitive, obsolete) to incur (to cause, to bring about) (transitive, obsolete) to drag (to run e.g. one's finger along something) [with instrumental ‘what’; or with po (+ locative) ‘along what’] (transitive, obsolete, rare) to stretch (to tign) (transitive, Middle Polish, of beasts of burden) to pull (to drag a plow) (intransitive, Middle Polish, figuratively) to work; to carry burdens (transitive, Middle Polish) to seize, to appropriate, to take; to steal (transitive, Middle Polish) to stretch (to torture by pulling bones out of their sockets) (transitive, Middle Polish) to stretch out (to prolong, to delay) (transitive, Middle Polish) to judge; to complain Near-synonyms: sądzić, skarżyć (transitive, Middle Polish) to stretch (to relate to something, to attribute, to adapt, to interpret, to interpret – usually falsely, tendentiously, to adapt to one's own theses, of opinions, text, etc.) (transitive, Middle Polish) to opine (to be of the opinion; to tend towards) (transitive, Middle Polish) to allude Synonym: nazwiązywać (intransitive, Middle Polish) to be similar in shape and color (reflexive with się) to stretch (to lengthen and stretch some part of one's body or clothing) [with za (+ accusative) ‘by what’] Synonym: pociągać się (reflexive with się) to stretch each other (to direct some part of the other person's body or clothing towards oneself by holding each other) [with za (+ accusative) ‘by what’] Synonyms: pociągać się, szarpać się (reflexive with się) to stretch (to be plastic and susceptible to stretching) (reflexive with się) to be pulled, to be dragged, to be drawn (to be pulled behind someone or something on the ground) [with za (+ instrumental) ‘behind whom/what’; or with po (+ locative) ‘around/along what’] Synonym: wlec się (reflexive with się) to stretch (to occupy a large fragment of space) [with przez (+ accusative) ‘through what’] (reflexive with się) to drag on (to adversely affect the current situation and the evaluation of a person and their evaluation by other people by being something that happened in the past) [with za (+ instrumental) ‘following whom’] Synonym: wlec się (reflexive with się) to drag on (to last too long) [with od (+ genitive) ‘from what’; or with do (+ genitive) ‘to what’] Synonyms: dłużyć się, przeciągać się, wlec się (reflexive with się) to drag (to move slowly through the air at low altitude) Synonyms: snuć się, wlec się (reflexive with się, colloquial) to drag (to move too slowly towards one's destination) [with za (+ instrumental) ‘behind what’] Synonym: wlec się (reflexive with się, obsolete) to stretch oneself thin (to exert oneself, especially in expenses) (reflexive with się, Middle Polish, in the third person) synonym of znajdować się (reflexive with się, Middle Polish) synonym of pochodzić (reflexive with się, Middle Polish) to bother oneself; to toil, to bear burdens; to work (reflexive with się, Middle Polish) to ooze; to flow; to secrete Near-synonyms: sączyć się, płynąć, wydzielać się (reflexive with się, Middle Polish) to concern, to relate to, to apply to; to mean (reflexive with się, Middle Polish) to be similar to, to resemble something (reflexive with się, Middle Polish, law) to appeal, to litigate in court (reflexive with się, Middle Polish) synonym of wynikać ==== Conjugation ==== Or obsolete: Obsolete, later proscribed and dialectal (Northern Greater Poland dialect, Western Kraków dialect, Kielce dialect, Przemyśl dialect, Żywiec dialect, Southern Borderlands dialect): ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== === Further reading === “ciągnąć”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎[24] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN “ciągnąć się”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎[25] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN “ciągnąć”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎[26] (in Polish) Maria Renata Mayenowa; Stanisław Rospond; Witold Taszycki; Stefan Hrabec; Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023), “ciągnąć”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish] Maria Renata Mayenowa; Stanisław Rospond; Witold Taszycki; Stefan Hrabec; Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023), “ciągnąć się”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish] “CIĄGNĄĆ”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 14.03.2011 “CIĄGNĄĆ SIĘ”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 06.04.2020 Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “ciągnąć”, in Słownik języka polskiego Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “ciągnąć”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861 J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “ciągnąć”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 319 Jan Karłowicz (1900), “ciągnąć”, in Słownik gwar polskich [Dictionary of Polish dialects] (in Polish), volume 1: A do E, Kraków: Akademia Umiejętności, page 225 Maciej Czeszewski (2006), “ciągnąć”, in Monika Szewczyk, editor, Słownik polszczyzny potocznej, 1 edition, Warsaw: Polish Scientific Publishers PWN, →ISBN, pages 53-54 ciągnąć in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego Józefa Kobylińska (2001), “ciągnąć”, in Marian Kucała, editor, Słownik gwary gorczańskiej (zagórzańskiej)‎[27] (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Akademii Pedagogicznej, →ISBN, page 19