chứng nghiệm

== Vietnamese == === Etymology === Sino-Vietnamese word from 證驗, composed of 證 (“to prove”) and 驗 (“to test”). === Pronunciation === (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [t͡ɕɨŋ˧˦ ŋiəm˧˨ʔ] (Huế) IPA(key): [t͡ɕɨŋ˦˧˥ ŋiəm˨˩ʔ] (Saigon) IPA(key): [cɨŋ˦˥ ŋim˨˩˨] === Verb === chứng nghiệm (dated) to verify; to validate; to test (for factual credibility) (dated, figurative) to experience