chật vật

== Vietnamese == === Etymology === ch- reduplication of vật (“to wrestle”), with semantic influence from chật (“tight, narrow”). === Pronunciation === (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [t͡ɕət̚˧˨ʔ vət̚˧˨ʔ] (Huế) IPA(key): [t͡ɕək̚˨˩ʔ vək̚˨˩ʔ] (Saigon) IPA(key): [cək̚˨˩˨ vək̚˨˩˨] ~ [cək̚˨˩˨ jək̚˨˩˨] === Adjective === chật vật (of finance) strenuous; arduous; toilsome; laborious; strugglesome