calculus

== English == === Etymology === Borrowed from Latin calculus (“a pebble or stone used as reckoning counters in abacus”), diminutive of calx (“limestone”) + -ulus. Mathematical topic is from differential calculus. === Pronunciation === (UK) IPA(key): /ˈkæl.kjʊ.ləs/ (General American) IPA(key): /ˈkæl.kjə.ləs/ (South Asia) IPA(key): /ˈkælk(j)ʊləs/ Hyphenation: cal‧cu‧lus === Noun === calculus (countable and uncountable, plural calculi or calculuses) (dated, countable) Calculation; computation. Synonyms: ciphering, reckoning; see also Thesaurus:calculation (countable, mathematics) Any formal system in which symbolic expressions are manipulated according to fixed rules. (uncountable, often definite, the calculus) Differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject. Synonym: infinitesimal calculus Near-synonyms: analysis, mathematical analysis (countable, medicine) A stony concretion that forms in a bodily organ. Synonym: stone Hyponyms: kidney stone, nephrolith, gallstone, cholelith, sialolith, urolith (uncountable, dentistry) Deposits of calcium phosphate salts on teeth. Synonyms: dental calculus, tartar (countable) A decision-making method, especially one appropriate for a specialised realm. ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== calcify calcium calculate ==== Translations ==== === See also === algebra analysis concretion === References === William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin Eli Smith, editors (1895–1910), “calculus”, in The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia: […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC. == Latin == === Etymology === From calx, calcis (“limestone, game counter”) + -ulus (diminutive suffix). === Pronunciation === (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈkaɫ.kʊ.ɫʊs] (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈkal.ku.lus] === Noun === calculus m (genitive calculī); second declension diminutive of calx pebble, stone reckoning, calculating, calculation a piece in the latrunculi game ==== Declension ==== Second-declension noun. ==== Derived terms ==== calculārius calculensis calculō calculōsus ==== Descendants ==== → Catalan: càlcul → English: calculus → French: calcul→ German: Kalkül→ Czech: kalkul→ Romanian: calcul→ Swedish: kalkyl → Gallurese: calculu → Georgian: კალკულუსი (ḳalḳulusi) → Hungarian: kalkulus → Irish: calcalas → Italian: calcolo → Portuguese: cálculo → Sardinian: calculu, càrculu → Sassarese: càlcuru → Spanish: cálculo → Welsh: calcwlws → Yiddish: קאַלקולוס (kalkulus) === References === “calculus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press “calculus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers "calculus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887) “calculus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette. Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎[1], London: Macmillan and Co.