cáin

== Irish == === Etymology === From Old Irish cáin (“law, rule, fine, tax, tribute”). The verb is from Middle Irish cáinid (“revile, rail at, reproach”), from the noun. Compare Scottish Gaelic càin. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /kɑːnʲ/, /kaːnʲ/ (North Donegal) IPA(key): /kɛːnʲ/ === Noun === cáin f (genitive singular cánach or cána, nominative plural cánacha) (literary) law, rule, regulation, set of laws or rules or regulations due, tribute fine, penalty Synonym: fíneáil impost, tax, taxation ==== Declension ==== Standard inflection (fifth declension): Alternative inflection (third declension): ==== Derived terms ==== === Verb === cáin (present analytic cáineann, future analytic cáinfidh, verbal noun cáineadh, past participle cáinte) (ambitransitive) to fine (issue a fine as punishment) to revile to criticise, condemn, censure ==== Conjugation ==== Alternative conjugation: === Mutation === === References === === Further reading === Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “cáin”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla [Irish–English Dictionary], Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904), “cáin”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla [Irish and English Dictionary], 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 106 == Old Irish == === Etymology === From Proto-Celtic *kā(g)nis (“tribute, law”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂/₃ǵ-n-, of uncertain relation to words like Latin conor (“to attempt”) and Macedonian кани (kani, “to invite”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈkaːnʲ/ === Noun === cáin f law (system, set of regulations), regulation, rule legal due, fine, tax, tribute ==== Inflection ==== ==== Derived terms ==== cáinid cánachas ==== Descendants ==== Irish: cáin Scottish Gaelic: càin === Mutation === === References === === Further reading === Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “cáin”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language