cách mạng

== Vietnamese == === Alternative forms === (Northern Vietnam, obsolete) cách mệnh, cách-mệnh, kách mệnh (obsolete) cách-mạng === Etymology === Sino-Vietnamese word from 革命, from Japanese 革命 (“revolution”), itself borrowed from Literary Chinese 革命 (gémìng, “‘to change from one dynasty to another’ ← ‘to change/remove the Mandate of Heaven’”). This form has the Southern reading mạng for the second character. The spread of this form started pre-1945. Hồ Chí Minh, a Central Vietnamese speaker, used the Northern form cách mệnh (in his devised spelling kách mệnh) in his early works, before starting to also use Southern cách mạng as early as in the 1930 Chương trình tóm tắt của Đảng ("The Party's Brief Program"). === Pronunciation === (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [kajk̟̚˧˦ maːŋ˧˨ʔ] (Huế) IPA(key): [kat̚˦˧˥ maːŋ˨˩ʔ] (Saigon) IPA(key): [kat̚˦˥ maːŋ˨˩˨] === Noun === (classifier cuộc) cách mạng revolution ==== Derived terms ==== === References ===