by rote

== English == === Pronunciation === (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ɹəʊt/ (US) IPA(key): /ɹoʊt/ Rhymes: -əʊt Homophone: wrote === Etymology 1 === From Middle English rote (“custom, habit, wont, condition, state”), further origin unknown. Found in the Middle English phrase bi rote (“by heart, according to form, expertly”), c. 1300. Some have proposed a relationship either with Old French rote/rute (“route”), or Latin rota (“wheel”) (see rotary), but the OED calls both suggestions groundless. Another explanation might be the metaphorical comparison between anything repetitive and playing the rote. ==== Noun ==== rote (uncountable) Mechanical routine; a fixed, habitual, repetitive, or mechanical course of procedure. Synonym: roteness (uncommon) ===== Usage notes ===== Commonly found in the phrase by rote and in attributive use: rote learning, rote memorization, and so on. Often used pejoratively in comparison with deeper learning that leads to understanding. ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== ===== See also ===== drill and kill memoriter muscle memory ==== Adjective ==== rote (comparative more rote, superlative most rote) By repetition or practice and without much thought. ===== Translations ===== ==== Verb ==== rote (third-person singular simple present rotes, present participle roting, simple past and past participle roted) (obsolete) To go out by rotation or succession; to rotate. 1744, Zachary Grey, ann., Hudibras, in Three Parts, Written in the Time of the Late Wars: Corrected and Amended. With Large Annotations, and a Preface, by Zachary Grey, LL.D., vol. 2. Dublin: […] Robert Owen […] and William Brien […]. page 92: The Model of it was, That a third Part of the Senate or Parliament, ſhould rote out by Ballot every Year; […]. (transitive) To learn or repeat by rote. [Volumnia to Corolianus] "Because that it lies you on to speak/ to th' people, not by your own instruction,/ Nor by th' matter which your heart prompts you,/ But with such words that are but roted in/ your tongue,..." Coriolanus III.ii.52-55 === Etymology 2 === From Old Norse rót n (“tossing, pitching (of sea)”), perhaps related to rauta (“to roar”); see hrjóta. Compare Middle English routen (“to roar, bellow, storm, rage, howl”). ==== Noun ==== rote (uncountable) (rare) The roar of the surf; the sound of waves breaking on the shore. [from c. 1600] ===== Translations ===== === Etymology 3 === From Middle English rote, from Old French rote, probably of German origin; compare Middle High German rotte, and English crowd (“a kind of violin”). ==== Noun ==== rote (plural rotes) (music) A kind of guitar, the notes of which were produced by a small wheel or wheel-like arrangement; an instrument similar to the hurdy-gurdy. Synonym of crowd. === References === “rote”, in OneLook Dictionary Search. === Anagrams === tore == French == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ʁɔt/ Rhymes: -ɔt === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Old French rote, Middle High German rotte. ==== Noun ==== rote f (plural rotes) rote (musical instrument) === Etymology 2 === See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. ==== Verb ==== rote inflection of roter: first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive second-person singular imperative === Further reading === “rote”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012 === Anagrams === ôter, tore == Gallo == === Etymology === From Old French rote, from Latin rupta [via]. === Noun === rote f (plural rotes) road == German == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈʁoːtə/ === Adjective === rote inflection of rot: strong/mixed nominative/accusative feminine singular strong nominative/accusative plural weak nominative all-gender singular weak accusative feminine/neuter singular == Italian == === Noun === rote f plural of rota === Anagrams === -tore, Orte, erto, otre == Middle English == === Etymology 1 === From Late Old English rōt, rōte, from Old Norse rót, from Proto-Germanic *wrōts, from Proto-Indo-European *wréh₂ds. Doublet of wort (“plant”). See more at English root. ==== Alternative forms ==== root, roote, rot, rotæ ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /ˈroːt(ə)/ ==== Noun ==== rote (plural rotes or roten) The root (submerged part of a plant): A root used as food; a root vegetable or tuber. A root employed for supposed curative or medical properties. The foundation or base of a protuberance or extension of the body: The root of the hair; the part of the hair within the scalp. The root of the tooth; the part of the tooth within the scalp. The root of a nail; the part of a nail within the skin. The base or attached part of an organ or bodily member. The base or attached part of a swelling or boil. Something which generates, creates, or emanates something: The origin of an abstract quality; that which something originally came from. A wellspring or exemplar of an abstract quality that which something comes from. The offspring of a certain individual or nation as a progenitor; a lineage or descent. The foundation of a tall structure (e.g. a trunk, pole, turret) The (or a key) foundational or core condition, essence or portion of something. One who descends from another; a member of an individual's lineage or stock. The base of a peak or mount; the beginning of an elevation. A protuberance resembling or functioning like a root. The most inner, central, or deepest part of something. (rare, astronomy) Data used for astronomical purposes. (rare, mathematics) A mathematical root. ===== Related terms ===== roten (“to root”) rotynge (“rooting”) ===== Descendants ===== English: root, wrout, rout (dialectal), wroot (obsolete)→ Irish: rúta Scots: ruit, rute ===== References ===== “rọ̄te, n.(4).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 23 February 2019. === Etymology 2 === Unknown. Sometimes connected to Old French route (“route”) or Latin rota (“wheel”), but OED rejects both comparisons. ==== Alternative forms ==== root, roote ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /ˈrɔːt(ə)/ ==== Noun ==== rote (uncountable) Traditional, customary, usual, or habitual behaviour or procedure. ===== Descendants ===== English: rote ===== References ===== “rōte, n.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 22 February 2019. === Etymology 3 === Borrowed from Old French rote, from Latin chrotta, borrowed from a Germanic form such as Old High German hruoza, borrowed itself from a Celtic term deriving from Proto-Celtic *kruttos; compare Welsh crwth. A doublet of crowde. ==== Alternative forms ==== rotte, roote, roowte ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /ˈrɔːt(ə)/ ==== Noun ==== rote (plural rotys) A musical instrument having strings and similar to a harp. ===== Descendants ===== English: rote Scots: rote (rare, obsolete) ===== References ===== “rōte, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 22 February 2019. === Etymology 4 === ==== Verb ==== rote alternative form of roten (“to rot”) === Etymology 5 === ==== Verb ==== rote alternative form of roten (“to root”) === Etymology 6 === ==== Adjective ==== rote alternative form of roten (“rotten”) === Etymology 7 === ==== Noun ==== rote alternative form of rot == Murui Huitoto == === Etymology === Cognate with Minica Huitoto rote and Nüpode Huitoto rotde. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈɾɔtɛ] Hyphenation: ro‧te === Verb === rote (intransitive) to sing ==== Conjugation ==== ==== Derived terms ==== === References === Shirley Burtch (1983), Diccionario Huitoto Murui (Tomo I) (Linguistica Peruana No. 20)‎[4] (in Spanish), Yarinacocha, Peru: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, page 215 Katarzyna Izabela Wojtylak (2017), A grammar of Murui (Bue): a Witotoan language of Northwest Amazonia.‎[5], Townsville: James Cook University press (PhD thesis), page 472 == Neapolitan == === Noun === rote plural of rota == Norwegian Bokmål == === Etymology === From Old Norse róta. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /roːtə/ === Verb === rote (present tense roter, past tense rota or rotet, past participle rota or rotet) to untidy, to make a mess (slang) to fool around (engage in casual or flirtatious sexual acts) ==== Derived terms ==== rotet (or rotete) rotehue rotekopp ==== Related terms ==== rot === References === “rote” in The Bokmål Dictionary. == Norwegian Nynorsk == === Etymology 1 === From Old Norse róta. ==== Alternative forms ==== rota (a-infinitive) ==== Verb ==== rote (present tense rotar, past tense rota, past participle rota, passive infinitive rotast, present participle rotande, imperative rote/rot) to untidy ===== Related terms ===== rot === Etymology 2 === ==== Alternative forms ==== ròte (alternative spelling) ==== Noun ==== rote m (definite singular roten, indefinite plural rotar, definite plural rotane) rot ===== Related terms ===== roten rotna, rotne === Etymology 3 === From Old Norse roti, from Middle Low German rote from Old French rote, from Medieval Latin rota, rotta, ruta, rutta (“a rout”). ==== Noun ==== rote f (definite singular rota, indefinite plural roter or rotor, definite plural rotene or rotone) (pre-2012) alternative form of rode (see there for more.) === References === “rote” in The Nynorsk Dictionary. == Old English == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈroː.te/ === Adjective === rōte inflection of rōt: strong accusative feminine singular strong instrumental masculine/neuter singular strong nominative/accusative masculine/feminine plural weak nominative feminine/neuter singular weak accusative neuter singular == Old French == === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Latin rupta [via]. ==== Alternative forms ==== rute, route ==== Noun ==== rote oblique singular, f (oblique plural rotes, nominative singular rote, nominative plural rotes) route, path a particular unit of weight group of armed men on the march hunt, pursuit ===== Descendants ===== French: route → Catalan: ruta → Norwegian Bokmål: rute → Norwegian Nynorsk: rute → Polish: ruta → Romanian: rută → Spanish: ruta → Tagalog: ruta → Yámana: ruta → Swedish: rutt, route Gallo: rote Norman: route → Dutch: route→ Indonesian: rute → Middle English: route, rowteEnglish: route→ Japanese: ルート → Portuguese: rota ==== References ==== “rote2”, in DEAF: Dictionnaire Étymologique de l'Ancien Français, Heidelberg: Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1968-. === Etymology 2 === Of Celtic origin, from Welsh crwth. ==== Noun ==== rote oblique singular, f (oblique plural rotes, nominative singular rote, nominative plural rotes) rote (musical instrument) ==== References ==== “rote1”, in DEAF: Dictionnaire Étymologique de l'Ancien Français, Heidelberg: Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1968-. === Descendants === French: rote → Portuguese: rota == Portuguese == === Verb === rote inflection of rotar: first/third-person singular present subjunctive third-person singular imperative == Spanish == === Verb === rote inflection of rotar: first/third-person singular present subjunctive third-person singular imperative == Swedish == === Etymology === Old Swedish rote, from Middle French route, roupte (“disorderly flight of troops”), literally "a breaking off, rupture," from Vulgar Latin *rupta (“a dispersed group”), literally "a broken group," from Latin rupta. Related to English rout. === Noun === rote c a district (of a parish or town, for the purpose of fire fighting, road maintenance, mail forwarding, social care, etc.) a file, a section, a squad, a pair (of soldiers, of aircraft) 20 rotar twenty file med utryckta rotar four deep indelning av rotar! squad-number! ==== Declension ==== ==== Related terms ==== brandrote postrote rotechef rotehjon rotepar === See also === rotel === References === “rote”, in Svenska Akademiens ordlista [Wordlist of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish) “rote”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish) rote in Walter E. Harlock, Svensk-engelsk ordbok : skolupplaga (1964) === Anagrams === Tore, oret