bunker

== English == === Pronunciation === (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈbʌŋ.kə/ (Northern England) IPA(key): /ˈbʊŋ.kə/ (General American, Canada) IPA(key): /ˈbʌŋ.kɚ/ (General Australian, New Zealand) IPA(key): /ˈbɐŋ.kə/ Rhymes: -ʌŋkə(ɹ) Hyphenation: bunk‧er === Etymology 1 === The origin of the noun is uncertain; the earliest sense is sense 7.1 (“box or chest, the lid of which serves as a seat”), from Scots bunker (“bench; pew; window-seat; sand pit (especially in golf); coal receptacle; sleeping berth, bunk”), from Early Scots bunker, bunkur, bonker (“a chest or box, often serving as a seat”), probably from Old Norse bunki (“a heap”) (probably whence bunk (“sleeping berth in a ship, train, etc.”)), from Proto-Germanic *bunkô (“a heap, pile; a bump, lump, a crowd”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *bʰenǵʰ- (“thick”) or *bʰeg- (“to billow, swell; to arch, bend, curve (?)”). Compare Middle Low German bunge (“drum, container”), Middle High German bunge (“drum”). Sense 1 (“hardened shelter designed to protect the inhabitants from falling bombs or other attacks”) was derived from German Bunker during World War II, which was itself from bunker (“large bin or container for storing coal”) (sense 5). The verb is derived from the noun. ==== Noun ==== bunker (plural bunkers) (military) A hardened shelter, often partly buried or fully underground, designed to protect the inhabitants from falling bombs or other attacks. (nautical) A compartment for storing coal for the ship's boilers; or a tank for storing fuel oil for the ship's engines. (rail transport) The coal compartment on a tank engine; it can also refer to that on a tender engine. Ellipsis of bunker oil (usually plural). (sports) (golf) A hazard on a golf course consisting of a sand-filled hollow. (paintball) An obstacle used to block an opposing player's view and field of fire. (UK, chiefly historical) A large bin or container for storing coal, often built outdoors in the yard of a house. (Scotland) A sort of box or chest, as in a window, the lid of which serves as a seat. (slang) A kitchen worktop. A refrigerator or freezer, usually with an open top, used to display chilled or frozen merchandise for convenience in grocery stores. ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Descendants ===== → Catalan: búnquer → German: Bunker→ Polish: bunkier→ Romanian: buncăr ===== Translations ===== ==== Verb ==== bunker (third-person singular simple present bunkers, present participle bunkering, simple past and past participle bunkered) (nautical) (transitive) To load (a vessel) with coal or fuel oil for the engine. (intransitive, of a vessel) To take a load of coal or fuel oil for its engine. (transitive, Nigeria) To steal bunker fuel by illicitly siphoning it off. (transitive, golf) To hit (a golf ball) into a bunker; (chiefly passive voice) to place (a golfer) in the position of having a golf ball in a bunker. (idiomatic, UK, informal) To place (someone) in a position that is difficult to get out of; to hinder. (transitive, paintball) To fire constantly at (an opponent hiding behind an obstacle), trapping them and preventing them from firing at other players; also, to eliminate (an opponent behind an obstacle) by rushing to the position and firing at extremely close range as the player becomes exposed. (intransitive) Often followed by down: to take shelter in a bunker or other place. ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== === Etymology 2 === From bunk (“to fail to attend school or work without permission, to play truant”) +‎ -er (suffix forming agent nouns indicating a person or thing that does an action). ==== Noun ==== bunker (plural bunkers) (UK, slang, India) One who bunks off; a truant from school. ===== Translations ===== === Etymology 3 === Clipping of mossbunker, a variant of mossbanker, from Dutch marsbanker (“common scad or Atlantic horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus)”), from Marsdiep (“deep tide-race between Den Helder and Texel in the Netherlands”) + bank (“shallow part of the sea near a coast”) + -er (suffix forming nouns denoting male inhabitants of a place). ==== Noun ==== bunker (plural bunkers) (US, regional) The menhaden, any of several species of fish in the genera Brevoortia and Ethmidium. ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== === References === === Further reading === bunker on Wikipedia.Wikipedia fuel bunker on Wikipedia.Wikipedia menhaden on Wikipedia.Wikipedia Category:Brevoortia on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons Brevoortia on Wikispecies.Wikispecies Category:Ethmidium on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons Ethmidium on Wikispecies.Wikispecies bunker (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia === Anagrams === Brunke == Dutch == === Etymology === Borrowed from English bunker. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈbʏŋ.kər/ Hyphenation: bun‧ker Rhymes: -ʏŋkər === Noun === bunker m (plural bunkers, diminutive bunkertje n) bunker (low-lying fortification built into the landscape) Synonym: kazemat (golf) bunker (hole with a surface of sand or dirt, placed on a golf course as a barrier) bunker, cargo hold, storage room ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== → Indonesian: bunker == French == === Etymology 1 === Borrowed from German Bunker. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /buŋ.kɛʁ/, /buŋ.kœʁ/ ==== Noun ==== bunker m (plural bunkers) (military) bunker === Etymology 2 === Borrowed from English bunker. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /bœŋ.kœʁ/ ==== Noun ==== bunker m (plural bunkers) (golf) bunker === Further reading === “bunker”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012 == Indonesian == === Etymology === From Dutch bunker, from English bunker, from German Bunker. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈbʊŋkər] Hyphenation: bung‧kêr === Noun === bunkêr (plural bunker-bunker) bunker (military) a hardened shelter, often buried partly or fully underground, designed to protect the inhabitants from falling bombs or other attacks (nautical) a container for storing coal or fuel oil for a ship's engine ==== Alternative forms ==== bungker bangker banker === Further reading === “bunker”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016 == Italian == === Etymology === From English bunker, or from German Bunker. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈbun.ker/, /ˈban.ker/ === Noun === bunker m (invariable) bunker === References === == Norwegian Bokmål == === Etymology 1 === ==== Noun ==== bunker m indefinite plural of bunke === Etymology 2 === From English bunker. ==== Noun ==== bunker m (definite singular bunkeren, indefinite plural bunkere, definite plural bunkerne) bunker (storage for fuel on a ship) bunker (reinforced shelter) bunker (on a golf course) ===== Derived terms ===== bunkerolje bunkre ===== Related terms ===== bunkers (fuel oil, military bunker) === References === “bunker” in The Bokmål Dictionary. == Norwegian Nynorsk == === Etymology === From English bunker. === Noun === bunker m (definite singular bunkeren, indefinite plural bunkerar, definite plural bunkerane) bunker (storage for fuel on a ship) bunker (reinforced shelter) bunker (on a golf course) ==== Derived terms ==== bunkre ==== Related terms ==== bunkers (fuel oil, militsry bunker) === References === “bunker” in The Nynorsk Dictionary. == Portuguese == === Alternative forms === búnquer === Etymology === Unadapted borrowing from English bunker. === Pronunciation === === Noun === bunker m (plural bunkers) (military) bunker (shelter) === References === == Serbo-Croatian == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /bǔnker/ Hyphenation: bun‧ker === Noun === bùnker m inan (Cyrillic spelling бу̀нкер) bunker (hardened shelter) bunker (container for storing coal or fuel oil for a ship's engine) ==== Declension ==== == Spanish == === Etymology === Unadapted borrowing from English bunker. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈbonkeɾ/ [ˈbõŋ.keɾ] Rhymes: -onkeɾ IPA(key): /ˈbankeɾ/ [ˈbãŋ.keɾ] Rhymes: -ankeɾ IPA(key): /ˈbunkeɾ/ [ˈbũŋ.keɾ], /bunˈkeɾ/ [bũŋˈkeɾ] Rhymes: -unkeɾ, -eɾ Syllabification: bun‧ker === Noun === bunker m (plural bunkers) (golf) bunker ==== Usage notes ==== According to Royal Spanish Academy (RAE) prescriptions, unadapted foreign words should be written in italics in a text printed in roman type, and vice versa, and in quotation marks in a manuscript text or when italics are not available. In practice, this RAE prescription is not always followed. === See also === === Further reading === Seco, Manuel; Andrés, Olimpia; Ramos, Gabino (2023), “bunker”, in Diccionario del español actual (in Spanish), third digital edition, Fundación BBVA == Swedish == === Etymology === From English bunker. === Noun === bunker c (military) a bunker (nautical) a bunker (golf) a bunker ==== Declension ==== ==== Related terms ==== bunkra ==== See also ==== skyddsrum (“safe room”) === References === “bunker”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish) “bunker”, in Svenska Akademiens ordlista [Wordlist of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish) “bunker”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)