bok

== Translingual == === Symbol === bok (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Bonjo. === See also === Wiktionary’s coverage of Bonjo terms == English == === Pronunciation === (General American) IPA(key): /bɑk/ (Received Pronunciation, General South African) IPA(key): /bɒk/ Rhymes: -ɒk === Etymology 1 === From Afrikaans bok. Doublet of buck. Compare German Bock (“willingness, desire”). ==== Adjective ==== bok (South Africa, slang) Keen or willing. "Do you want to go to the movies?" "Ja, I'm bok." === Etymology 2 === Imitative ==== Interjection ==== bok The clucking sound of a chicken. Alternative form: bawk ==== Verb ==== bok (third-person singular simple present boks, present participle bokking, simple past and past participle bokked) To make the clucking sound of a chicken. === See also === === Anagrams === KBO, OKB, kob == Afrikaans == === Etymology === From Dutch bok (“buck, male goat”), from Middle Dutch boc, from Old Dutch buc, from Proto-Germanic *bukkaz. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /bɔk/ === Noun === bok (plural bokke, diminutive bokkie) goat antelope, buck Synonym: wildsbok (slang) lover (term of affection) Synonym: bokkie (gymnastics) vaulting horse blunder ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== → Xhosa: ibhokhwe === Adjective === bok (attributive bokke, comparative bokker, superlative bokste) keen, willing == Cebuano == === Etymology === From Philippine English bok, from bunk, shortened from bunkmate. === Pronunciation === Hyphenation: bok === Noun === bok one's batchmate or classmate in the Philippine Military Academy == Choctaw == === Etymology === Attested as bayuk in the 17th century. === Noun === bōk (alienable) creek, stream river Synonym: hʋcha ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== bokushi ==== Descendants ==== → Cajun French: bogue → English: bogue == Czech == === Etymology === Inherited from Old Czech bok, from Proto-Slavic *bokъ. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈbok] === Noun === bok m inan (diminutive boček or bůček) side flank (anatomy) hip ==== Declension ==== ==== Related terms ==== === Further reading === “bok”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957 “bok”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989 “bok”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2026 == Dutch == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /bɔk/ Hyphenation: bok Rhymes: -ɔk === Etymology 1 === From Middle Dutch boc, from Old Dutch buc, from Proto-West Germanic *bukk, from Proto-Germanic *bukkaz. ==== Noun ==== bok m (plural bokken, diminutive bokje n) male goat, billy Synonym: geitenbok buck, horse or pony; strong contraption on legs, resembling a mount (gymnastics) vaulting horse sawbuck Synonym: zaagbok a crane on legs box, perch (driver's seat on a carriage) (printing) job case, type case (derogatory) churl, grouch (derogatory) oaf, bumpkin ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Descendants ===== Afrikaans: bok→ Xhosa: ibhokhwe → English: Bok Negerhollands: bok Sranan Tongo: boko, bokoboko Aukan: boko boko === Etymology 2 === See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. ==== Verb ==== bok inflection of bokken: first-person singular present indicative (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative imperative === Etymology 3 === Proposed etymologies include Lokono bo-kia (“emphatic 'you'”), Lokono Lokono (“people, Arawak”), Portuguese botoque (“lip plate”), Portuguese bugre (“derogatory term for an Amerindian”). Compare English buck (“a black or Native American man”). ==== Noun ==== bok m (plural bokken, diminutive bokje n, feminine bokkin) (Suriname, obsolete) Amerindian person ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Descendants ===== Berbice Creole Dutch: boko → Guyanese Creole English: buck → Trinidadian Creole English: buck === Etymology 4 === Borrowed from Caribbean Javanese mbok. ==== Noun ==== bok f (uncountable, no diminutive) (Suriname, dated) Form of address for a Javanese woman == Kashubian == === Etymology === Borrowed from German Bock. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈbɔk/ Rhymes: -ɔk Syllabification: bok === Noun === bok m animal buck, he-goat Synonym: kòzeł === Further reading === Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011), “kozioł”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎[2] == Lower Sorbian == === Etymology === From Proto-Slavic *bokъ. Cognate with Upper Sorbian bok, Polish bok, Czech bok, Russian бок (bok), and Serbo-Croatian bȍk. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /bɔk/ Homophones: bog, Bog === Noun === bok m inan side (bounding straight edge of an object; flat surface of an object; left or right half; surface of a sheet of paper) page (one side of a leaf of a book) (chiefly in the dual) breast (organs on the front of a woman’s chest, which contain the mammary glands) Synonym: prědk ==== Declension ==== Alternative locative singular: boce === Further reading === Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928), “bok”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008 Starosta, Manfred (1999), “bok”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag == Maranao == === Etymology === From buhok, compare Tagalog buhok. === Noun === bok head hair == Marshallese == === Etymology 1 === (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) ==== Pronunciation ==== (phonetics) IPA(key): [pˠokʷ] (phonemic) IPA(key): /pˠekʷ/ Bender phonemes: {bȩkʷ} ==== Noun ==== bok (inalienable bokū) (alienable, pathology) blister chicken pox ==== Verb ==== bok (causative kōbok, distributive boke or bokboke) (intransitive, pathology) to have blisters or chicken pox === Etymology 2 === (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) ==== Pronunciation ==== (phonetics) IPA(key): [pˠokʷ] (phonemic) IPA(key): /pˠekʷ/ Bender phonemes: {bȩkʷ} ==== Noun ==== bok (inalienable boku or bowū or bukwō) (alienable, anatomy) bladder === Etymology 3 === (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) ==== Pronunciation ==== (phonetics) IPA(key): [pˠokʷ] (phonemic) IPA(key): /pˠekʷ/ Bender phonemes: {bȩkʷ} ==== Noun ==== bok (inalienable bokū) (alienable) warping (of wood) saturation with water ==== Verb ==== bok (causative intransitive kōbok, causative transitive kōboke) (intransitive) to be warped (of wood) to be saturated with water === Etymology 4 === (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) ==== Pronunciation ==== (phonetics) IPA(key): [pˠokʷ] (phonemic) IPA(key): /pˠekʷ/ Bender phonemes: {bȩkʷ} ==== Noun ==== bok (alienable) a heated contest, climax (in games or competitions) === Etymology 5 === Borrowed from English book. ==== Pronunciation ==== (phonetics) IPA(key): [pˠokʷ] (phonemic) IPA(key): /pˠekʷ/ Bender phonemes: {bȩkʷ} ==== Noun ==== bok (construct bokin) (alienable) book ==== Verb ==== bok (transitive boke) (intransitive) to book, to reserve === Etymology 6 === From Proto-Micronesian *pʷeki. Compare Gilbertese bokaboka (“mud, mire”), Kosraean puhk (“sand”), fohk (“dirt, soil, ground”) and possibly Nauruan ebaubo (“mud, mire”). Doublet of bike. ==== Pronunciation ==== (phonetics) IPA(key): [pˠɔkʷ] (phonemic) IPA(key): /pˠɛkʷ/ Bender phonemes: {bekʷ} ==== Noun ==== bok (inalienable boka, construct bokwan or bokwā) (alienable, geology) sand sandspit sandbar (usually not covered even at high tide) ==== Verb ==== bok (transitive boke, distributive bokboke, causative transitive kabokboke) (intransitive, geology) to cover with sand, to sand (distributive) to be sandy === Derived terms === === References === Abo, Takaji; Bender Byron W.; Capelle, Alfred; DeBrum, Tony (2009–), “bok”, in Marshallese–English Online Dictionary‎[3] Nik Willson (2014), Naan‎[4], Majuro, Marshall Islands, page 936 == Middle English == === Alternative forms === boc, boke, book, booke, buk, buke === Etymology === From Old English bōc, in turn from Proto-West Germanic *bōk, from Proto-Germanic *bōks. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /boːk/ === Noun === bok (plural bokes) A document, especially if extensive and composed of bound pages: A notebook; a document kept empty for spontaneous use. A legal or governmental record or register. An account book or ledger; a financial record. A book; an extended written work: A volume or fascicle of a larger work. A particular book (especially the Bible) (figuratively) Knowledge, ethics or a source of them. ==== Related terms ==== bochous bocstaff landbok ==== Descendants ==== English: book (see there for further descendants) Geordie: buik, beuk, byuk Scots: buik, beuk, buke, beuck Yola: buke ==== References ==== “bọ̄k, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007. == Middle Low German == === Alternative forms === buk === Etymology === From Old Saxon bōk, from Proto-West Germanic *bōk, from Proto-Germanic *bōks. === Pronunciation === Stem vowel: ô¹ (originally) IPA(key): /boːk/ === Noun === bôk n book beechnut ==== Descendants ==== Low German: Dutch Low Saxon: book German Low German: Book Plautdietsch: Buak == Norwegian Bokmål == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /buːk/ === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Danish bog with native Norwegian -k, from Old Norse bók (“book”), from Proto-Germanic *bōks (“letter”), which see. Often thought to be related with etymology 2 below. ==== Noun ==== bok f or m (definite singular boka or boken, indefinite plural bøker, definite plural bøkene) book ===== Usage notes ===== One of the nouns whose feminine form is predominant in formal writing. ===== Derived terms ===== === Etymology 2 === Probably from dialectal Norwegian. Alternatively from Danish bog (“beechnut”), for which Norwegian says bøkenøtt. ==== Noun ==== bok f or m (definite singular boka or boken, indefinite plural boker, definite plural bokene) alternative form of bøk (“beech”) === References === “bok” in The Bokmål Dictionary. “bok” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB). == Norwegian Nynorsk == === Alternative forms === bók (Setesdal, dialects) === Etymology === From Old Norse bók, from Proto-Germanic *bōks. Akin to English book, German Low German Book. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /buːk/, [bu̞ːk] === Noun === bok f (definite singular boka, indefinite plural bøker, definite plural bøkene) book ==== Derived terms ==== === References === “bok” in The Nynorsk Dictionary. == Old Polish == === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bokъ. First attested in the 13th century. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /bɔk/ IPA(key): (15th CE) /bɔk/ === Noun === bok m inan (related adjective bokowy) (anatomy, attested in Masovia, Lesser Poland, Silesia, Greater Poland) side, flank (neither the front nor the back; lateral part of a person or animal) side, flank (neither the front nor the back of an object) ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== Polish: bok Silesian: bok === References === Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “bok”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN Mańczak, Witold (2017), “bok”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “bok”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish) Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965), “bok”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “bok”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN Ewa Deptuchowa, Mariusz Frodyma, Katarzyna Jasińska, Magdalena Klapper, Dorota Kołodziej, Mariusz Leńczuk, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, editors (2023), “bok”, in Rozariusze z polskimi glosami. Internetowa baza danych [Dictionaries of Polish glosses, an Internet database] (in Polish), Kraków: Pracownia Języka Staropolskiego Instytut Języka Polskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk == Old Saxon == === Alternative forms === buok === Etymology === From Proto-West Germanic *bōk, from Proto-Germanic *bōks, whence also Old English bōc, Old Frisian bōk, Old High German buoh, Old Norse bók. === Noun === bōk f or n book ==== Declension ==== ==== Descendants ==== Middle Low German: bôk, bukLow German:Dutch Low Saxon: bookGerman Low German: BookPlautdietsch: Buak == Old Swedish == === Alternative forms === ᛒᚮᚴ (Runic) === Etymology === From Old Norse bók, from Proto-Germanic *bōks. === Noun === bōk f book ==== Declension ==== ==== Descendants ==== Swedish: bok → Finnish: pyökki == Polish == === Pronunciation === Rhymes: -ɔk Syllabification: bok Homophones: Bock, Bok === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Old Polish bok. ==== Noun ==== bok m inan (related adjective boczny) (anatomy) side, flank (neither the front nor the back; lateral part of a person, animal) (Middle Polish) physical or emotional closeness to someone side, flank (neither the front nor the back; lateral part of an object) Synonym: strona side (place in space located to the right or left of some central reference point) (geometry) side (segment connecting two vertices of a polygon) side (place out of the way) Synonyms: strona, ustronie (obsolete, mining) shaft wall (Middle Polish, collective, metonomically) man; human community; group (Middle Polish) side; Further details are uncertain. ===== Declension ===== ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Derived terms ===== === Etymology 2 === See bąk. ==== Noun ==== bok m animal (Kielce) alternative form of bąk (“child”) === Further reading === “bok”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎[8] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN “bok”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎[9] (in Polish) Maria Renata Mayenowa; Stanisław Rospond; Witold Taszycki; Stefan Hrabec; Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023), “bok”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish] Wiesław Morawski (23.10.2012), “BOK”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century] Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “bok”, in Słownik języka polskiego Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “bok”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861 J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “bok”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 186 bok in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego Józefa Kobylińska (2001), “bok”, in Marian Kucała, editor, Słownik gwary gorczańskiej (zagórzańskiej)‎[10] (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Akademii Pedagogicznej, →ISBN, page 8 == Sarawak Malay == === Alternative forms === baruk === Etymology === Syncopic form of baruk === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /boʔ/ === Adverb === bok (syncopated) alternative form of baruk == Serbo-Croatian == === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bokъ. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /bôːk/, /bôk/ ==== Noun ==== bȏk or bȍk m inan (Cyrillic spelling бо̑к or бо̏к) side (especially body part) bok uz bok ― side by side flank ===== Declension ===== The accent shift is non-weakened: nȁ bōk. ==== Usage notes ==== Also can occur as a.p. B in western dialects: bȍk, bòka... (Milas 1903:95 (49), ŠRHJ, Kapović 2010). Daničić (ARj) provides short falling in plural: bȍkovi, bȍkōvā... Older attestations: Vrančić 1595: Book (Lumbus) Micalia 1649: bók Della Bella 1728: Book, ód bokka (Lato) Belostenec 1740: Bòki / (D[ubrovnik]) boczi Stulli 1806: Bōk, okka Dialectal attestations: Lužnica (Ćirić): bo̍k, bo̍kovi Mostar (Milas, p.95 (49)): bȍk, bòka Novi Vinodolski (Беличъ, p.209): bȏk, bȍka Susak (Hamm/Hraste/Guberina, p.106): buȏk, bŏkȁ [a.p. D?] Varaždin (Lipljin): b'ok, bȏka, [Gpl] bokȏf Vrgada (Jurišić): bȏk, bȍka === Etymology 2 === From Bog (shortened from a greeting such as Bog s tobom, zdravobog, etc.) by devoicing of the final consonant typical in Kajkavian dialects. Attested in Zagreb colloquial usage since mid-20th century. A widespread alternative etymology proposes a fictional Austrian German greeting mein Bücken (supposedly "my bow"); the etymology is not acceptable, as the greeting is not attested in German, and the usual loanword adaptation into Croatian would yield a different phonetic form. ==== Alternative forms ==== bog ==== Pronunciation ==== (Zagreb) IPA(key): /bok/ ==== Interjection ==== bok (Cyrillic spelling бок) (Croatia, Kajkavian) hi Synonyms: zdravo, pozdrav, ćao (Croatia, Kajkavian) bye Synonyms: zbogom, zdravo, pozdrav, ćao === Footnotes === === References === ARj = Đuro Daničić, editor (1880–1882), “bȏk”, in Rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika‎[11] (in Serbo-Croatian), volume 1, Zagreb: JAZU, page 518 Babić, Ivana (2019). Leksikografske dvojbe na jednome školskom primjeru. Hrvatski jezik 6/1. ERHJ = Matasović, Ranko, Dunja Brozović Rončević, Dubravka Ivšić Majić, Tijmen Pronk (2016), “bok”, in Matasović, Ranko, editor, Etimološki rječnik hrvatskoga jezika [Etymological dictionary of the Croatian language] (in Serbo-Croatian), volume I: A – Nj, Zagreb: Institut za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje, page 73 Kapović, Mate (2010). Naglasak o-osnova muškoga roda u hrvatskom — povijesni razvoj. Filologija 54. Magner, Thomas (1966). A Zagreb Kajkavian Dialect. Penn.: Pennsylvania State University. Milas, Matej (1903). Današńi mostarski dijalekat. Rad JAZU 153 (60). == Silesian == === Etymology === Inherited from Old Polish bok. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈbɔk/ Rhymes: -ɔk Syllabification: bok === Noun === bok m inan (related adjective boczny) side, flank (neither the front nor the back; lateral part of a person, animal, or object) side curtain by a window wayside, roadside ==== Declension ==== === Further reading === bok in dykcjonorz.eu bok in silling.org Henryk Jaroszewicz (2022), “bok”, in Zasady pisowni języka śląskiego (in Polish), Siedlce: Wydawnictwo Naukowe IKR[i]BL, page 65 Aleksandra Wencel (2023), “bok”, in Dykcjůnôrz ślų̊sko-polski, page 70 == Swedish == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /buːk/ === Etymology 1 === From Old Swedish bōk, from Old Norse bók, from Proto-Germanic *bōks, of uncertain origin but usually connected to Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵ- (“beech”) or Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g- (“to allot”). ==== Noun ==== bok c book: collection of sheets of paper a work of literature a major division of a published work ===== Declension ===== ===== Derived terms ===== === Etymology 2 === From Old Swedish bōk, from Old Norse bók, from Proto-Germanic *bōkō, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵos. ==== Noun ==== bok c beech (tree of the genus Fagus) ===== Declension ===== ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Descendants ===== → English: Bok === References === “bok”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish) “bok”, in Svenska Akademiens ordlista [Wordlist of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish) “bok”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish) == Tagalog == === Etymology === A play on English bunk, shortened from bunkmate. === Pronunciation === (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ˈbok/ [ˈbok̚] Rhymes: -ok Syllabification: bok === Noun === bok (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜓᜃ᜔) (military slang) one's batchmate or classmate in the Philippine Military Academy ==== See also ==== == Turkish == === Etymology === From Ottoman Turkish بوق (bok, “excrement, dung, turd, shit”), from Old Anatolian Turkish پوخ (poḫ), from Proto-Turkic *bok (“dirt, dung”). Cognate with Kazakh боқ (boq), Azerbaijani pox, Kyrgyz бок (bok), etc. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /bok/ === Noun === bok (definite accusative boku, plural boklar) (vulgar) shit (solid excretory product evacuated from the bowel) Synonyms: dışkı, (childish) kaka, thesaurus:dışkı (metallurgy) slag, dross (vulgar) a hard situation ==== Declension ==== === Adjective === bok (vulgar) shitty, fucking ==== Derived terms ==== === Further reading === “bok”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu Ayverdi, İlhan (2010), “bok”, in Misalli Büyük Türkçe Sözlük, a reviewed and expanded single-volume edition, Istanbul: Kubbealtı Neşriyatı Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “bok”, in Nişanyan Sözlük == Volapük == === Etymology === Borrowed from English box (boks). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /bok/ === Noun === bok (genitive boka, plural boks) box ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== bokil (“little box / small box”) (diminutive) bokül === See also === bog bök === Further reading === “bok”, in Vödabuk (in English, Esperanto, and Volapük)