bog

== Translingual == === Symbol === bog (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Bamako Sign Language. === See also === Wiktionary’s coverage of Bamako Sign Language terms == English == === Pronunciation === (General American) enPR: bôg, bäg, IPA(key): /bɔɡ/, /bɑɡ/; (cot–caught merger) enPR: bäg, IPA(key): /bɑɡ/ (Received Pronunciation) enPR: bŏg, IPA(key): /bɒɡ/ Rhymes: -ɒɡ === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Middle English bog (originally chiefly in Ireland and Scotland), from Irish and Scottish Gaelic bogach (“soft, boggy ground”), from Old Irish bog (“soft”), from Proto-Celtic *buggos (“soft, tender”) + Old Irish -ach, from Proto-Celtic *-ākos. The frequent use to form compounds regarding the animals and plants in such areas mimics Irish compositions such as bog-luachair (“bulrush, bogrush”). Its use for toilets is now often derived from the resemblance of latrines and outhouse cesspools to bogholes, but the noun sense appears to be a clipped form of boghouse (“outhouse, privy”), which derived (possibly via boggard) from the verb to bog, still used in Australian English. The derivation and its connection to other senses of "bog" remains uncertain, however, owing to an extreme lack of early citations due to its perceived vulgarity. ==== Noun ==== bog (plural bogs) An area of decayed vegetation (particularly sphagnum moss) which forms a wet spongy ground too soft for walking. Synonyms: marsh, swamp, mire Coordinate terms: flood meadow, water meadow, callow Near-synonyms: fen, slough, moor (wetland science, specifically) An acidic, chiefly rain-fed (ombrotrophic), peat-forming wetland. (Contrast an alkaline fen, and swamps and marshes.) (uncountable) Boggy ground. (figuratively) Confusion, difficulty, or any other thing or place that impedes progress in the manner of such areas. (UK, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand, slang) A place to defecate: originally specifically a latrine or outhouse but now used for any toilet. I'm on the bog ― I'm sitting on/using the toilet I'm in the bog ― I'm in the bathroom (Australia and New Zealand, slang) An act or instance of defecation. (US, dialect) A little elevated spot or clump of earth, roots, and grass, in a marsh or swamp. (US) Chicken bog. ===== Alternative forms ===== (wet spongy areas or ground): bogg, bogge, boghe (all obsolete) ===== Synonyms ===== (wet spongy areas or ground): morass. See swamp (any place or thing that impedes progress): mire, quagmire, morass (toilet): See also Thesaurus:toilet and Thesaurus:bathroom ===== Hyponyms ===== (small marsh): boglet ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Related terms ===== (like a marsh): boggy, boggish (marshy quality): bogginess (to create a marsh): boggify ===== Translations ===== ==== See also ==== bog-standard ==== Verb ==== bog (third-person singular simple present bogs, present participle bogging, simple past and past participle bogged) (transitive, now often with "down") To sink or submerge someone or something into bogland. (figuratively) To prevent or slow someone or something from making progress. (intransitive, now often with "down") To sink and stick in bogland. (figuratively) To be prevented or impeded from making progress, to become stuck. (intransitive, originally vulgar UK, now chiefly Australia) To defecate, to void one's bowels. (transitive, originally vulgar UK, now chiefly Australia) To cover or spray with excrement. (transitive, British, informal) To make a mess of something. ===== Alternative forms ===== bogg, bogue (both obsolete) ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== === Etymology 2 === See bug ==== Noun ==== bog (plural bogs) (obsolete) Alternative form of bug: a bugbear, monster, or terror. ===== Alternative forms ===== bogge; see also bug ===== Derived terms ===== take bog === Etymology 3 === Uncertain, although possibly related to bug in its original senses of "big" and "puffed up". ==== Alternative forms ==== (all senses): bug (Derbyshire & Lincolnshire) ==== Adjective ==== bog (comparative bogger, superlative boggest) (obsolete) Bold; boastful; proud. ===== Derived terms ===== boggish, boggishly ==== Noun ==== bog (plural bogs) (obsolete) Puffery, boastfulness. ==== Verb ==== bog (third-person singular simple present bogs, present participle bogging, simple past and past participle bogged) (transitive, obsolete) To provoke, to bug. 1556, Nicholas Grimald's translation of Cicero as Marcus Tullius Ciceroes Thre Bokes of Duties to Marcus His Sonne, Vol. III, p. 154: A Frencheman: whom he [Manlius Torquatus] slew, being bogged [Latin: provocatus] by hym. === Etymology 4 === From bug off, a clipping of bugger off, likely under the influence of bog (coarse British slang for "toilet[s]"). ==== Verb ==== bog (third-person singular simple present bogs, present participle bogging, simple past and past participle bogged) (euphemistic, slang, British, usually with "off") To go away. ===== Derived terms ===== bog off === Etymology 5 === From an abbreviation of Bogdanoff, in reference to Igor and Grichka Bogdanoff. ==== Verb ==== bog (third-person singular simple present bogs, present participle bogging, simple past and past participle bogged) (4chan, Internet slang, transitive) To perform excessive cosmetic surgery that results in a bizarre or obviously artificial facial appearance. (4chan, Internet slang, reflexive) To have excessive cosmetic surgery performed on oneself, often with a poor or conspicuously unnatural result. ==== See also ==== spag bog === References === === Anagrams === gob == Danish == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /bɔːˀɣ/, [ˈb̥ɔ̝ːˀw], [ˈb̥ɔ̝ːwˀ], [ˈb̥ɔ̽wˀ] === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Old Norse bók (“beech, book”), from Proto-Germanic *bōks, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵos (“beech”). ==== Noun ==== bog c (singular definite bogen, plural indefinite bøger) book ===== Declension ===== ===== Derived terms ===== === Etymology 2 === Maybe from Middle Low German bōk. ==== Noun ==== bog c (singular definite bogen, plural indefinite bog) beechnut, beech mast ===== Declension ===== ===== Related terms ===== bogfinke c boghvede c === References === “bog” in Den Danske Ordbog === Further reading === bog on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia da Bog (flertydig) on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia da Bog (bøgens nødder) on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia da == French == === Pronunciation === === Noun === bog m (plural bogs) (ecology) an ombrotrophic peatland Antonym: fen === Further reading === “bog”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012 == German == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [boːk] === Verb === bog first/third-person singular preterite of biegen == Hungarian == === Etymology === Probably from Proto-Finno-Ugric *poŋka (“knot, knob, protuberance, unevenness”). Cognates include Estonian pung. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈboɡ] Rhymes: -oɡ === Noun === bog (plural bogok) knot Synonym: csomó ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== === References === === Further reading === bog in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN. bog in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024). == Irish == === Etymology === Inherited from Old Irish boc (“soft”), from Proto-Celtic *buggos. The verb is from Old Irish bocaid (“to soften”), from the adjective. === Pronunciation === (Munster) IPA(key): /bˠɔɡ/ (Connacht) IPA(key): /bˠoɡ/ (Ulster) IPA(key): /bˠɞɡ/ === Adjective === bog (genitive singular masculine boig, genitive singular feminine boige, plural boga, comparative boige) soft (giving way under pressure; lacking strength or resolve; requiring little or no effort; easy) Synonym: tláith flabby (of physical condition) soft, mellow, gentle (of sound, voice) (of weather) wet mild, humid (of winter) loose lukewarm Synonyms: alabhog, alathe, bogthe ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== an rud a fhaightear go bog caitear go bog é (“easy come, easy go”) bog- (“soft, mild; nearly; easy”) casacht bhog (“loose cough”) bogearraí (“software”) === Noun === bog m (genitive singular boig) something soft (anatomy, of ear) lobe Synonyms: liopa, maothán ==== Declension ==== === Verb === bog (present analytic bogann, future analytic bogfaidh, verbal noun bogadh, past participle bogtha) (ambitransitive) soften, become soft; (of pain) ease; (of milk) warm; (of weather) get milder; soften, move (someone's heart) move, loosen; (of a cradle) rock ==== Conjugation ==== ==== Derived terms ==== casacht a bhogadh (“to loosen a cough”) === Mutation === === References === === Further reading === Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “bog”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN == Lower Sorbian == === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bogъ. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [bɔk] Homophones: Bog, bok === Noun === bog m anim (female equivalent bogowka) god the Christ Child as a bringer of Christmas presents, compare German Christkind Christmas present ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== bóžy (“godly, divine”) === Further reading === Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928), “bog”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008 Starosta, Manfred (1999), “bog”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag == Manx == === Etymology === Inherited from Old Irish boc (“soft”). === Adjective === bog (comparative s’buiggey) soft == Norwegian Bokmål == === Etymology === Borrowed from Norwegian Nynorsk bog, from Old Norse bógr, from Proto-Germanic *bōguz. Displaced Danish bov. Doublet of baug (“bow of a ship”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /buːɡ/ === Noun === bog m (definite singular bogen, indefinite plural boger, definite plural bogene) shoulder (of an animal) === References === “bog” in The Bokmål Dictionary. “bog” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB). == Norwegian Nynorsk == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /buːɡ/ === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Old Norse bógr, from Proto-Germanic *bōguz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵʰús. ==== Noun ==== bog m (plural bogen) shoulder (primarily of an animal) === Etymology 2 === Inherited from Old Norse bók, from Proto-Germanic *bōks. ==== Noun ==== bog f (definite singular bogjå) (dialectal) alternative form of bok === References === “bog” in The Nynorsk Dictionary. == Old English == === Alternative forms === bōh === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Germanic *bōguz. Cognate with Old Saxon bōg, Old High German buog, Old Norse bógr. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /boːɡ/, [boːɣ] Rhymes: -oːɡ === Noun === bōg m branch or bough (of a tree) tendril or sprig (of a plant) arm or shoulder ==== Declension ==== Strong a-stem: ==== Related terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== Middle English: boȝ, bogh English: bough Scots: beuch == Scottish Gaelic == === Etymology === Inherited from Old Irish boc (“soft, gentle, tender; tepid”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /pok/ === Adjective === bog (comparative nas buige, superlative as buige) soft wet, damp, moist ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== === Mutation === === References === Edward Dwelly (1911), “bog”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 boc”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language == Serbo-Croatian == === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bogъ. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /bôːɡ/ === Noun === bȏg m anim (Cyrillic spelling бо̑г, female equivalent bòginja) god, deity Ljudi se trebaju ženiti, bogovi mogu, a pjesnici ne smiju. ― Men should get married, gods may, and poets must not. (quote by Tin Ujević) (colloquial) idol, god ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== == Slavomolisano == === Etymology === Inherited from Serbo-Croatian bog. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /bôːɡ/ === Noun === bog m god ==== Declension ==== === References === Walter Breu and Giovanni Piccoli (2000), Dizionario croato molisano di Acquaviva Collecroce: Dizionario plurilingue della lingua slava della minoranza di provenienza dalmata di Acquaviva Collecroce in Provincia di Campobasso (Parte grammaticale)., pp. 394 == Slovene == === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bogъ. First attested in the 10th century. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /bóːk/ Hyphenation: bog Homophone: bọ̑k === Noun === bọ̑g m anim (female equivalent bogínja) god (uncommon, figuratively) paragon[→SSKJ] (uncommon, figuratively) highest value[→SSKJ] ==== Usage notes ==== The dative singular form bogȗ is mostly limited to the phrase hvála bogȗ. ==== Declension ==== === Interjection === bọ̑g god === Derived terms === === See also === vẹ́ra ateīzəm === Further reading === “bog”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran “bog”, in Termania, Amebis See also the general references == Swedish == === Etymology === Inherited from Old Swedish bōgher, from Old Norse bógr, from Proto-Germanic *bōguz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰāǵʰus. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /buːɡ/ === Noun === bog c shoulder (of an animal) bow (front of boat or ship) ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== bogfläsk bogvisir (“bow visor”) === References === “bog”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish) “bog”, in Svenska Akademiens ordlista [Wordlist of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish) “bog”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)