binden

== Dutch == === Etymology === From Middle Dutch binden, from Old Dutch *bindan, from Proto-West Germanic *bindan, from Proto-Germanic *bindaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ-. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈbɪndə(n)/ Hyphenation: bin‧den Rhymes: -ɪndən === Verb === binden (transitive) to tie (transitive) to wrap (transitive) to bind (generally, legally/contractually) (intransitive) to bind, to thicken (of food) ==== Conjugation ==== ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== Afrikaans: bind Berbice Creole Dutch: bendi Negerhollands: bind, bint, bin == German == === Etymology === From Middle High German binden, from Old High German bintan, from Proto-West Germanic *bindan, from Proto-Germanic *bindaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ-. Cognate with Low German binnen, binden, Dutch binden, English bind, Danish binde. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈbɪndən/, [ˈbɪn.dn̩], [-dən] Rhymes: -ɪndn̩ === Verb === binden (class 3 strong, third-person singular present bindet, past tense band, past participle gebunden, past subjunctive bände, auxiliary haben) (transitive) to bind, to tie, to fasten something by means of a string etc. ein Buch binden ― to bind a book (transitive) to tie, to fasten a string etc. Ich binde mir die Schuhe. ― I'm tying my shoes. (transitive, often passive voice) to oblige, commit, bind Mein Vertrag bindet mich. ― My contract binds me. Ich bin vertraglich gebunden. ― I'm bound by a contract. (reflexive) to commit oneself, make a commitment (especially for marriage) (transitive) to make congeal, thicken, set, bond (transitive, of substances) to capture; to absorb (carbon dioxide etc.) (intransitive, of substances) to congeal, thicken, set, bond (phonetics, transitive) to make sandhi, crasis, liaison ==== Conjugation ==== ==== Derived terms ==== === Further reading === “binden” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache “binden” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon “binden” in Duden online “binden” in OpenThesaurus.de == Middle Dutch == === Etymology === From Old Dutch *bindan, from Proto-West Germanic *bindan, from Proto-Germanic *bindaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ-. === Verb === binden To bind, tie. To tie up. To bind (to an obligation). ==== Inflection ==== ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== Dutch: bindenAfrikaans: bindBerbice Creole Dutch: bendiNegerhollands: bind, bint, bin Limburgish: binje === Further reading === “binden (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000 Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “binden (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I == Middle English == === Alternative forms === bynden === Etymology === From Old English bindan, from Proto-West Germanic *bindan, from Proto-Germanic *bindaną; equivalent to bynde +‎ -en (infinitival suffix). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈbiːndən/, /ˈbindən/ === Verb === binden To bind, fasten; to make a knot or fastening. To wrap; to enclose in wrapping. To secure, strengthen; to make strong: To tie up; to strengthen with a knot. To connect or link (especially by binding): (figurative) To remember; to keep one's mental connection secure. (figurative) To strengthen or provide proof for an argument. To take away one's agency; to enthrall: To restrain a captive; to jail. To enslave, subordinate, or force. To enrapture or captivate. (rare) To take into apprenticeship or training. To enter into a socially binding obligation or agreement: To enter into a marital relationship; to marry. (rare, Late Middle English) To copulate; to have sex. To force or compel (to perform an action): To obligate; to be forced by societal pressure. To force (into) a socially binding obligation or agreement. To mete out or proscribe penalties. To combine; to join; to make one. To decorate or adorn; to add ornaments on. To evacuate; to induce constipation. To unify or join; to make one. To enclose or surround; to fold as to completely conceal. (rare) To cohere; to enjoin with itself. (rare, figurative) To end or finish; to wrap up (for the sense, compare Modern English wrap up) ==== Usage notes ==== This verb inherited a system of alternations between the past singular stem vowel (/ɔː/ or /a/ in Middle English) and the past plural and participle stem vowel (/uː/ in Middle English) from Old English and ultimately Proto-Germanic. In the later Middle English period, the vowel of the past plural tended to replace that of the singular, though occasionally the singular form was levelled to the plural instead. The Modern English past tense bound demonstrates the completion of this levelling. ==== Conjugation ==== ==== Related terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== English: bind Scots: bind === References === “bī̆nden, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 27 April 2018. == Middle High German == === Etymology === Inherited from Old High German bintan, from Proto-West Germanic *bindan, from Proto-Germanic *bindaną. Cognate with Dutch binden and English bind. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): (before 13th CE) /ˈbindən/ === Verb === binden (class 3 strong, third-person singular present bindet, past tense bant, past participle gebunden, past subjunctive bünde, auxiliary hān) to bind ==== Conjugation ==== ==== Descendants ==== Bavarian: bindn Central Franconian: binge, benge, benne, bönne, bonne Luxembourgish: bannen German: binden === References === Benecke, Georg Friedrich; Müller, Wilhelm; Zarncke, Friedrich (1863), “binden”, in Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch: mit Benutzung des Nachlasses von Benecke, Stuttgart: S. Hirzel == Middle Low German == === Etymology === From Old Saxon bindan (“to bind”), from Proto-West Germanic *bindan, from Proto-Germanic *bindaną. === Pronunciation === (originally) IPA(key): /bɪndən/ === Verb === binden To bind. ==== Conjugation ==== ==== Descendants ==== Low German: binnen, binden Plautdietsch: binjen